International retailer enter Indian market

International retailer enter Indian market INTRODUCTION Today retail is no more restricted to just selling goods to consumer. It is worlds largest private industry with the sales of US$ 6.6 trillion. (McKinsey Global Institute Report, 2001)Cox R and Brittain P (2004) gave the modern definition of retailing as Retailing is the sale of goods and services to the ultimate consumer for personal, family or household use. In UK retail sector is the second largest employer, contributes 23% in GDP and accounts for the 35% of consumer expenditure. (Cox R and Brittain P, 2004) The sector seems to be mature in UK. But there are few emerging markets in which retail sector is still in its growth phase. One of them is Retail Sector of India. AIM AND OBJECTIVES Aim: To determine the barriers for an international retailer like PRIMARK to enter Indian Market and to find out the suitable marketing policies depending upon the problems they might face. Rationale: Until the fall of communism the countries in the world were divided in to two types- communists and capitalists; depending upon the economical system they had adopted. But there were few newly Independent countries which adopted the mixed type of economy. As the strength of capitalism was proved all the economies tend towards it. Still there are countries like India which are conserved in nature. Route of entering the Indian Market is still full of hurdles for any foreign investor. But the challenge is acceptable because at the end of the route there is a huge market with millions of potential consumers. Objectives: Analysing the potential of Indian Retail sector, market requirements and risks involved. Review the policies of Indian government about Foreign Direct Investment in retail sector. Review how other companies have entered Indian Market. E.g. M S, Wal-Mart, Woolworths etc. Review PRIMARKS mission, vision, operation strategy and marketing policies. Study how PRIMARK has entered in other countries. Learning few appropriate strategies and marketing policies which PRIMARK can adopt to make a successful entry in India. LITERATURE REVIEW International Retailing: Two sets of factors can make a domestic retailer go international. First is push factors which includes saturation of the domestic market, recession and planning restrictions. The other set of factor is known as pull factors which is nothing but market attractiveness for the foreign retailer. It consists of falling barriers to market entry, supplier strategy, strategic alliances, emerging markets, changing consumer taste, economies of scale. But as the venture involves huge investment various strategic methods are used reduce the risk. Thus market research followed by the deciding upon entering strategy such as acquisition or joint venture etc. would be the most suitable path for any retailer. (Cox R and Brittain P, 2004) Indian Retail Sector An Opportunity: The time when developed economies are facing recession, two countries are balancing world economic growth, one of them is India. Indias GDP growth was 9.4% in 2007. According to McKinsey report there are 12 m retail outlets in India. Most of them are small and unorganised, but contributes 6% in GDP. (McKinsey Global Institute Report, 2001)The Indian Organised and Modern Retail Market is only 9% of total retail industry, which too low compared to western world (65% in USA) as well as other Asian countries. (Appendix 1) Thus the sector as such is underdeveloped. Indias Favourable demography, availability of the disposable income with young generation and stability due to vibrant democracy are other advantages for any foreign investors. (Country Profile 2007 India) Report by McKinsey also suggests if the government become a bit liberal and bureaucracy is reduced then the productivity of retail sector would increase by two and half times (250%) and wo uld create 8 million jobs. (McKinsey Global Institute Report, 2001) Market potential can be further back up by study of Kearney A. T. (2006) about Global Retail Development Index. Understanding Indian Consumer: India is a huge country with varied consumer pool. Supporting to the view Ramamurthy K and Naikare A (2007) from Synovate Business consulting says, The Indian market shows differences in consumer behaviour from one region to another in terms of usage, preference, brands, tastes etc. Advocating to the point Mr. Biyani simplify it as, Indian Consumers, unlike people elsewhere, demand ideas and solutions that are uniquely Indian. Mr. Kishore Biyani (CEO, Future Group and Managing Director of Pantaloon Retail, India) Thus any international retailer planning to enter the Indian market would have to consider the same for planning the marketing strategies. Indian modern retailers are attracting only one stratum of people, which includes educated urban Indians, but those which are having the lower purchasing power especially people from sectors such as plumbing, carpentry etc. are often neglected. On January 26, 2006 Big Bazaar announced a Lowest Price Day to attract the later segment. (Biyani K, 2007) So it means there is a GAP in the retail segment which is attractive and can be exploited. The dissertation would evaluate the suitability of marketing strategies, product range etc. for retailer to enter India. Indian Government Policies for Foreign Investor: Foreign company intended to do business in India can follow one of the three routes as explained by Titus and Co., Advocates (2007) Open A liaison office Set up a branch office Incorporate a company If the company wish to set up its own permanent unit in India then it has to follow the third path. But then depending on the sector company can have Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS) or Joint Venture (JV). (Titus and Co., Advocates 2007) India has not completely opened the retail sector for foreign investors and the liberalisation is proceeding gradually. Till 2006 the only route for FDI in retails was Franchisee. Government then allowed 51% FDI in single brand retailing. (Country Profile 2007 India) But the retail distribution is still forbidden. (Appendix 2) Along with these ownership policies, India is ranked higher in putting barriers such as discriminatory procedures, tariffs and regulatory barriers on Foreign Investment. The other hurdle for entering Indian market is various barriers to entrepreneurship. Though India has reduced the legal barriers such as getting license or permit it has not reduced the administrative burdens on new entrepreneur. (OECD Economic Survey India, p. 91, 92) For investing in single brand retail sector an investor has to take an approval from SIA (Secretariat for Industrial Assistance), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi. (Titus and Co., Advocates, 2007) The dissertation would study the regulations of Indian Government for foreign retailer. Entry of Foreign Retailers in India: Retail market potential of India has lured many foreign investors to enter Indian market by various means. The dissertation will analyse the strategies used by them to enter India. Wal-Mart entered wholesale business in India through joint venture with Bharti Enterprises. Bharti-Wal-Mart is panning to open many cash and carry shops by 2015. (The Economist, August 9, 2007) Auchan International SA from France is having regional purchasing and liaison office in India. Cargill India Pvt. Ltd. well known USA based company have launched NatureFresh brand of Atta (wheat floor), refined oil, salt, branded rice etc. Mc Donalds Restaurant has joint venture with Cannaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. to operate in Delhi, Jaipur and Mathura region. (Source: Foreign Companies In India Yearbook 2007) Dairy Farm International Holding Ltd. of Hong Kong along with Food World Supermarkets Ltd. (India) in a joint venture has opened 89 retail shops in India. Procter and Gamble Hygiene and Healthcare Ltd. (USA) have launched consumer and health care products in India. In the project 35% investment is from Indian Share holders and 65% is from Procter and Gamble Company and Procter and Gamble Home Products Ltd. Marks and Spencer c/o Planet Sports Pvt. Ltd. is having 14 retail outlets and distribution network in Delhi, Mumbai, Haidrabad, Jaipur, and Pune etc. in India. (Source: Foreign Companies In India Yearbook 2007) Marks and Spencer has re-entered Indian Retail Market together with Reliance Industries (India). In a joint venture Marks and Spencer is having 51% ownership. Duo is planning to open 50 shops in near future. (Hall J, April 19, 2008) Failure: There are few examples of failure as well. Few organisations have withdrawn their interest in entering Indian market. E.g. Carrefour and Tesco went out of the negotiation for joint venture in India. Starbucks after getting to disapprovals from the Government of India pull out two proposals for franchise. Metro (German Retailer) enter wholesale business in India but since then it has engaged in solving the dispute with state government of Karnataka as state law does not allow Metro to sell agricultural products. (The Economist, August 9, 2007) The dissertation would make an attempt to investigate the reasons behind those failures. Review of PRIMARK: Associated British Food the parent company of PRIMARK opened its first value clothing store in Dublin in 1969. Since then it has opened 177 stores in Ireland (trade with brand name Penneys), Spain and UK. (www.primark.co.uk) The retailer targets the age group o to 35 and especially women customers by providing good quality fashionable cloths at reasonable price. The retail chain basically became popular because of its value for money price. The major strategies of the company involve, Bulk production, Simple to produce designs and Production of only popular sizes. (Atherton J, 2008) The company also deals directly with the producer and there is no intermediate in between and thus avoid huge overhead costs. PRIMARK also does not spend much on advertisements and believes Word of Mouth is the most effective way of advertising. PRIMARK became the member of Ethical Trading Initiative in October 2006 along with the Marks and Spencer, Nike, Gap and Levis. (Staff Induction Handbook, Primark). The PRIMARK is currently operating in Ireland, UK, and Spain. It is expanding internationally and further planning to move in to Portugal and Germany. PRIMARK is selling the similar stock in all countries. It is not favourable for any organisation if they had to change a lot while going international. According to Gavin George from Ernst and Young, Emerging markets offer exciting growth prospects, while many European markets have high spending, but relatively weak competition. Primark will be in an interesting place in Germany because while there is an extensive value clothing proposition there are not so many fashion-oriented players. (McAllister D, 2008) The compatibility of PRIMARK with Indian Consumer and Government would be analysed to find out the appropriate way for entering India. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Research design is the general plan to conduct the research. Saunders et. al. (2007) compares it with onion. The first layer of an onion is deciding upon the Philosophy of research, then the approach, strategy and at the core of an onion lie the data collection and data analysis. Research Philosophy: The research philosophy adopted by the researcher defines the further path he would follow. The problem stated as a topic in this piece of research proposal is practical and related to realities. Thus it adopts the functionalist paradigm. According to Burrell and Morgan (1979:26) It is often problem-oriented approach, concerned to provide practical solutions to practical problems (Cited in Saunders et. al. 2007) This paradigm has two dimension as objectivism and regulation. Objectivism is one of the aspects of Ontology philosophy. But this research would rather proceed with Pragmatism approach, which means the research can follow the philosophy of epistemology as well as ontology. (Saunders et. al., 2007, pp. 101-113) Research Approach: The second layer of a research onion is research approach. This research would use an inductive approach for research which is much more appropriate for answering this sort of questions. Inductive approach gives the necessary flexibility for choosing the research methodology depending upon the research question. (Saunders et. al., 2007, pp. 119) Purpose: The purpose of this research is more of exploratory study and a bit of explanatory study. It would explain the constraints in entering Indian market and how other foreign investors have entered the market. Depending on that it would make an attempt to explore the policies PRIMARK should embrace to enter Indian market successfully. (Saunders et. al., 2007, pp. 133) Strategy: As Robson (2002:178) defines the case study research as a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence. (Cited in Saunders et. al. 2007, p139) The case study research would be the strategy of choice for this research. DATA COLLECTION METHOD For the philosophy, approach and strategy opted for this dissertation the most suitable method of data collection would be the qualitative method. (Saunders et. al., 2007) The data would be collected by in-depth interview of the people form various sectors related to retail business. The main advantage of the method as stated by Burgess (1982:107) is, it is the opportunity for the researcher to probe deeply to uncover new clue, open up new dimensions of a problem and secure vivid, accurate inclusive accounts that are based on personal experience. (Cited by Smith et. al. 2008) The principle source would be the Management of PRIMARK. As the researcher is working with PRIMARK Hammersmith, London; Access to the Store Manager Mrs. Katarina Taggard has been negotiated. Though she has agreed to help with the dissertation, the permission from the Head Office, Reading, UK; is yet to receive. The another person to be interviewed is Mr. Ashdin Doctor, A Market Research Analyst, Retail Sector M umbai, India. The formal approval has been negotiated with him. The questionnaire would be sent to him through e-mail. The questionnaire would be sent to Eva George, China and India Business Development Officer, London and Anita Nandi, City Representative, Mumbai. (Leaflet, City Business Library) In a mean time other important retailers from India are being contacted for the same purpose. ANALYSIS AND PRETSENTATION OF DATA The data gathered from the qualitative method would be analysed by using the Grounded Analysis method of analysing qualitative data. The data would be read and understood well and then it would be linked with the theory or the secondary data. The whole data would be presented in the form of charts, tables and graphs following the critical analysis. SECONDARY DATA The information collected by some body else is regarded as secondary data. The proper utilisation of secondary data depends on analysing and interpreting skills of the researcher. (Smith et. al. 2008) The secondary data would be collected from the books and journal articles regarding the retail sector of India. The information about the country profile and statistics about India would be accessed from following official web sites, www.cia.gov/cia/publications/facebook www.rbi.org.in www.statisticsofindia.com www.finmin.nic.in (Leaflet, City Business Library) CONCLUSION The dissertation aims to analyse the problems international retailer might encounter while entering the Indian market. Eventually it is expected to answer following things; Attractiveness and market growth of one of the segments of Indian market which is not yet entirely exploited. All available paths to enter India and the most suitable one for PRIMARK, e.g. Joint Venture. Choice of marketing policies to be employed. E.g. target group, state-wise choice of clothing, buying occasions and price range etc. Factors to be taken care of and hitches to be aware of while doing business in India. e.g. currency fluctuations, unstable areas, political will and taxation laws in different states etc. REFERENCE Atherton J (2008), Primark stops buying from child labour firms, METRO BUSINESS, METRO, London. June 17, 2008. p.49. Biyani K (2007), Retail Revolution Lure of huge consumer base, In Ram N. (eds.) (2007) THE HINDU SURVEY OF INDIAN INDUSTRY, Chennai: Kasturi Sons Ltd. pp. 285,286,291. Burgess R. G. (1982), Field Research: A Source Book and Field Manual. London: Allen and Unwin. Cited in, Smith M, Thorpe R and Jackson P (2008), Management Research, 3 Edition, London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Chapter 7, pp. 144 Leaflet, City Business Library (n.d.), I need information on India, City of London Libraries, London. Country profile 2007 India, (2007), Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, UK. P. 30, 44. Cox R and Brittain P (2004), Retailing An Introduction, 5th Edition, Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited. Chapter 1 and 5, pp. 1-7, 41-49. Department of Economic Affairs (2007), Foreign direct investment, Government of India. Cited in OECD Economic Surveys (October 2007), Reforming Indias product and service markets, OECD Economic Surveys India, Volume 2007/14, France: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. p. 111 Foreign Companies In India Yearbook 2007 (2007), Commercial Intelligence Service, a division of Business Monitor International, UK. Pp. 24, 34, 38, 51, 75, 88, 93. Kearney A. T. (2006), Emerging Market Priorities for Global Retailers, Global Retail Development Index, Cited on June 20, 2008, Available from http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/pdffiles/emerging-market-priorities-for-global-retailers.pdf McAllister D (2008), Primark set for European Expansion, Retail News, CITYA.M., London. 4 June 2008, p.9. McKinsey Global Institute Report (September 2001), Retail Sector, India: The growth Imperative, McKinsey Company. cited on June 14, 2008, Available from http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/india/Retail.pdf OECD Economic Surveys (October 2007), Reforming Indias product and service markets, OECD Economic Surveys India, Volume 2007/14, France: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. pp. 91-92 PRIMARK Background (online) Cited on June 14, 2008. Available from http://www.primark.co.uk/background.shtml Ramamurthy K and Naikare A (2007), Analyzing the Indian Market, In Millar R (eds.) (2007) Global Market Briefings Doing Business with India, 2nd Edition, Great Britain: GMB Publishing ltd. P.71 Saunders M, Lewis P and Thornhill A (2007), Research Methods for Business Students, 4th Edition. Spain: Pearson Education Ltd. Chapter 4,5, pp. 100-145. Staff Induction Handbook PRIMARK. Pp. 4, 5. Economist Indian Retailing (2007), Gently does it (August 9, 2007) The Economist print edition. Cited on Economist.com, on June 14, 2008, available from http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9622068 Titus and Co. Advocates (2007), Available Legal Structure, In Millar R (eds.) (2007) Global Market Briefings Doing Business with India, 2nd Edition, Great Britain: GMB Publishing ltd. Pp. 109-123. UWIC Business school (2006/07), MBA Individual Research Dissertation Handbook Academic Year 2006/07, 5th Revised edition, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff. Vedamani G (2007), Modern Retailing Comprehensive policy vital, In Ram N. (eds.) (2007) THE HINDU SURVEY OF INDIAN INDUSTRY, Chennai: Kasturi Sons Ltd. pp. 281-284. Mrs. Katarina Taggart, Store Manager, Hammersmith, PRIMARK. 1, Kings Mall, Kings Street, London. Post Code: W6 0PZ Mr. Ashdin Doctor, Mumbai, India. E-mail: [emailprotected] Anita Nandi, City Representative, City office in Mumbai. E-mail: [emailprotected] Eva George, China and India Business Development Officer, City of London, P.O. BOX 270, Guildhall, London. E-mail: [emailprotected] BIBLIOGRAPHY Kumar R and Sethi A (2005), Doing Business In India, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.

Comparison of Heterosexual-Parents and Homosexual-Parents Essay

Most people have an automatic belief that a child who is raised by heterosexual-parents is better off than a child who is raised by homosexual-parents. The belief held by most people may make the task seem more socially acceptable. However, there is no law against it, nor is it written in stone that a child should not be raised by homosexual-parents. Furthermore, with the same amount of love, structure, effort, and stability homosexual-parents can be equally as nurturing to a child. The ideal family has always consisted of having two parents which consist of a male and a female. Nevertheless, having parents of the opposite sex does not mean a child with homosexual-parents cannot get the same adequate amount of love. A child with homosexual-parents has two parents who work and take care of them also. Both heterosexual-parents and homosexual-parents can and do show the same amount of love by spending time with the child, talking to the child, working to provide for the child, and showing the child affection. Homes with heterosexual-parents may seem to have more structure and balance because they do not appear to have to deal with any outside negativity. Negativity can result from a number of things such as race and social status, not just the marital status of the parents. Nevertheless, both a home usually has one or more parents who works and provides for the family and there is typically one parent who devotes a lot of time and energy in focusing on the family, especially on the child. Both types of parents can have rules which have to be obeyed, household chores which have to be done, and family time which is a must for raising a well-developed child in today’s society. Therefore, if heterosexual and homosexual parents disregard whatever outside negativity they may encounter and focus on the family and focus on what is important there will be the same amount of structure and balance to a child with either type of parents. Everything in life that a person believes is worthwhile takes effort and time. Parents have to put forth great effort and huge amounts of time in raising a child, especially if a parent wants a well-rounded, well-mannered, happy, smart, and what they believe to be a perfect child. Both heterosexual and homosexual parents can work towards achieving the ultimate goal of raising a perfect child. However, even though at times it may appear to be an easier challenge for heterosexual -parents, it does not mean the same goal cannot be achieved by homosexual-parents. For the sake of the child both types of parents must put forth a worthwhile effort and spend time focusing on what is best for the child. Society, as a whole, automatically has a preconceived idea that heterosexual-parents create a more stable environment for a child. However, the preconceived idea of society does not mean homosexual-parents cannot create a stable environment for a child. The two different types of parents must ensure stability for a child. Stability enables a child to focus on academic achievements and being a well-behaved child who has a stable home life does not seem to get themselves into as much trouble when compared to a child without a stable home environment. In other words, it does not matter if the child has heterosexual-parents or parents who are homosexual, stability, love, structure, and effort plays a major role in the proper development of a child.

Plans of Reconstruction

Daniel Ramirez Mrs. Toth Period 2 11/29/12 Plans of Reconstruction During the Civil War was the beginning of the Reconstruction era that took place up until the late 1870’s, which for some was a success but a failure to others. Not only was it a civil rights movement but it also re-created the southern way of life, temporarily divided a political party, broke down another, and affected the nation in ways that would have long-term consequences.Two of the three major Reconstruction plans were that of President Lincoln and Vice President Johnson that both sought to readmit the south as quickly as possible. Lincoln maintained that the political leadership of the South had seceded. His plan did not exclude people like Johnson’s did. President Lincolns plan of reconstruction was light on punishment of the South so that he could reincorporate the Southern section back into the Union.He argued that because of the fact that the government was indivisible secession was politicall y impossible, and that the war was a result of only a small rebellion that violated the authority and laws of the government. With this in mind his design of reconstruction; readmission of each state was based on 10 percent of the voters pledging loyalty to the US knowing that no more than that would be probable which rendered the radical republicans 50 percent demand illogical.Though Lincoln and Johnson’s plan did have similar ideas there were few differences some of which were even seen as illogical, amongst them was the right to grant pardons to the same people that he claimed he wanted to exclude power from. This did not help the reconstruction plan it in fact it irritated Northerners who saw senators of former offices in the Confederacy reclaiming their places in U. S. senates. Under Andrew Johnson's restoration African America’s rights were not safe, as he vetoed the Civil Rights bill.This did not pass since Congress overturned his veto and made the Civil Rights bill an act. Lincoln’s â€Å"10 percent† plan, while perhaps not the greatest for bringing the nation together, was the best for the promoting the principles of freedom and equal rights for all in the newly reformed union. His plan unlike Johnson’s protected the new rights of the African Americans, and provided a balance between the rights of whites and them.Lincoln’s plan also made it easier for states to rejoin the Union, because this was such a very forgiving plan, it was better than Johnsons’. Under Lincoln's Plan, it would be easiest for Confederate states to rejoin the Union, except for the three that were excluded, because the Radical controlled Congress would not permit these states’ representatives to join the federal government. If the nation had agreed to Lincoln's Plan, racism may have been more easily overcome, and the Union would be reunited in a strong bond because of the reprieve granted.

Dependent Clause Definition and Examples

In  English grammar, a  dependent clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a verb but (unlike an independent clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. Its a clause that implies that there is more to come and is incomplete. It is also known as a subordinate clause. Types of Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses include adverb clauses, adjective clauses, and noun clauses. They can appear at any point in a sentence and start with signal words. Adverbial  clauses start with a subordinating conjunction and answer wh- questions such as when something happened, where, and why as well as how and to what degree, such as As soon as winter hits, her nephew earns money shoveling the neighbors driveways. It answers the question when (with the subordinating conjunction  as soon as) and has a verb in it, hits. The subject of that verb is winter, but the clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, as it is incomplete.   An adjective clause functions to describe a noun in the sentence and starts with a relative pronoun, as in, Her nephew, who is industrious, shovels neighbors driveways in the winter to earn money. The clause describes the nephew, contains a verb (is) and starts with a relative pronoun (who). A noun clause functions as a noun in the sentence, as in, That looks delicious. I want some of whatever shes having. The clause functions as a noun in the sentence (it could be replaced by a noun or noun phrase, such as that cake), contains a subject (she) and a verb (is having) but cannot stand on its own. Some signal words for dependent noun clauses include relative pronouns and subordinating conjunctions such as: what, whoever, whether, that, which, how, and why. Youll be able to tell what kind of clause something is by looking at how it functions in the sentence. For example, the clause in The city where I come from is Spokane is an adjective clause because it describes the noun city. In this next example, Where I come from is much larger than this town the clause functions as a noun. In Shes planning to move to  where I come from, the clause functions as an adverb because it answers the question of where the person will move.   Locations in a Sentence Although exceptions can be found, a dependent clause at the beginning of a sentence is usually followed by a  comma  (as in this sentence). However, when a dependent clause appears at the end of a sentence, its not usually set off with a comma, though again (as in this sentence), there are exceptions. They can also be located inside other dependent clauses. Authors Peter Knapp and Megan Watkins explain: There can be levels of complexity within complex sentences. Within a dependent clause, for instance, there can be another dependent clause. For example, in the following sentence there is a main clause..., a dependent clause in an adverbial relationship with the main clause (in italics), and a dependent clause [bold italics] in an adverbial relationship with the first dependent clause:​If you want to survive the elements when you go hiking, you should remember to bring along a drink, pocket knife, whistle, map, torch, compass, blanket and food.​(Knapp and Watkins) Resources and Further Reading Knapp, Peter, and Megan Watkins. Genre, Text, Grammar Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing. Orient Blackswan, 2010.

Language - 1186 Words

Assignment 2: Figurative Language versus Literal Language The lack of exposure to non literal forms of language makes it difficult to engage in productive thinking. Having the capacity to understand figurative language increases our ability to communicate with each other. By increasing our word bank we expand our knowledge base and increase our thinking capacity. Below are a list of ten words with their meaning, definitions, examples and appropriate circumstances in which to use them. 1. Describe the meaning and function of each term. 1. Idiom is a language, dialect or speaking style peculiar to a people. 2. Analogy is a similarity between two like subjects on which a comparison can be based. 3. Metaphor is a figure of speech in†¦show more content†¦A good example is from Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud: A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. He doesn’t say â€Å"many† or â€Å"a lot of† daffodils, he uses the word â€Å"host.† That means a huge number of daffodils. Later, he personifies the daffodils, and personification will be covered later on. Another example is from â€Å"The Eagle† by Tennyson, â€Å"He clasps the crag with crooked hands. The hard consonant sounds add even more to the imagery here. Simile A simile compares two things using the words â€Å"like† and â€Å"as.† Examples include: * busy as a bee * clean as a whistle * brave as a lion * stand out like a sore thumb * as easy as shooting fish in a barrel * as dry as a bone * as funny as a barrel of monkeys * they fought like cats and dogs * like watching grass grow Metaphor When you use a metaphor, you make a statement that doesn’t make sense literally, like â€Å"time is a thief.† It only makes sense when the similarities between the two things become apparent or someone understands the connection. Examples include: * the world is my oyster * you are a couch potato * time is money * he has a heart of stone * America is a melting pot * you are my sunshine Alliteration Alliteration is the easiest of the examples of figurative language to spot. It is a repetition of the first consonant sounds in several words. Some good examplesShow MoreRelatedLanguage And The Language Of Language1117 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage wields immense power over humanity. It is used to ignite war, to enforce peace, to remember the past, to dream of the future, and to connect with others. People from all over the world travel great distances with their words. The art of language bridges cultures and borders to bring ideas and messages near and far. However language is not alone in our difference from the animal kingdom. Creativity has pushed us from a survivor’s existence into a time of excess and an enjoyment of life. 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Unfortunately, there are quite a few obstacles that challenge indigenous people learning their native language. The loss of a language distances groups farther from their native roots, which is exactly opposite of the efforts being made in Canada. Learning and practicing an indigenous language fulfills one’s role as an engaged citizen and allows for engagement within a culture. The McGill Tribune published Jenny

Carpet Capital Culture Clash - 1153 Words

Carpet Capital Culture Clash Issues The primary subject matter of this case concerns the issues faced in an U.S. company with a large percentage of immigrant Latino workers and the resulting interaction with their original Anglo workforce. There are numerous cultural misunderstandings in this case study between Anglo and Latino workforce. The Human Resource Department is unclear how to address the issues facing in the company. The restroom One of the cultural challenges that company is facing is soiled toilet paper scattered or piled all over the plant’s bathroom floors. In Mexico and other Latin American countries, the sewer or wastes pipes leading from the building are usually small in diameter compared with U.S. standards. In†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Mexican workers tend to be very dedicated to their jobs. Mexicans do not hesitate to go for the extra miles to work longer hours to make additional money to support their family. One major cultural clash between Anglo Americans and Mexicans are concept of timeliness. Punctuality is not big concern for Mexicans. American culture featured promptness and timeliness; the Mexican culture could care less. Mexicans believe their supervisors know everything and should always show respect to authority and not ever questioning their supervisors and elderly ever. It is considered disrespectful to question supervisors and elderly. Therefore, in this case stud y, it is possible that Jose Alvarado could be a younger Latino manager. So, that could explain why he is having trouble and difficulty to supervise his Latino workers. Also, keeping a harmony relationship with their own fellows are also very important to them. Therefore, it will be a challenge task for Alvarado to criticize his fellow Latino workers. This could possibly be the reason why Alvarado is dissatisfied with his new title. In the workplace, the cultural differences in terms of personal sensitivity are the source of many, if not most, of the conflicts between Mexicans and Americans. Americans, for the most part, are individualistic, competitive, and comfortable working on their own. Americans think highly of personal initiative and are self-starters. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe Empire Of The Ottoman Empire3539 Words   |  15 PagesArab ways of life blended. It resulted in a flowering of Islamic culture that raised higher in the 16th centuries. The empires ruled through Islami c Sariah’s. They based the authority on Islam. Their basement of power were strong armies, advanced technology and legal administrative officers. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire The ottomans established a vast empire that lasted for a long time, more than 600 years and blended many cultures in one. 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Ethics in Multinational Business Operations in India

Question: Write an essay on "Comparative Issues in International Management". Answer: 1. Introduction: The concept of the business ethics associated decisions all aspects of the business operations of the business organizations. The ethical considerations of the business operations help the business organizations to conduct the business in a smoother way. The scope of ethical issues in the multinational business is very high. The positive ethical considerations are necessary for the proper practice of the business operations in different countries. The ethical practices can boost the brand image of the business organizations. In the multinational business operations, the companies may face high level of market competition regarding the services of the business. In order to get the sustainable competitive advantages, the multinational companies need to build a high brand image by conducting the business operations by maintaining the ethical considerations (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2016). The business organizations used to face the ethical issues regarding the different culture of the differ ent countries in which they are operating. The political environments of the operating countries are also a big factor behind the ethical issues of the multinational business organizations. The governmental role and decisions regarding the business operations and national legislations have a major influence over the ethical considerations in the business of the MNCs. In order to maintain the ethical considerations in the business operations, the MNCs must have to know the different factors influencing the ethical issues (Weiss, 2014). The ethical issues and the reasons behind the issues have to be analyzed properly to understand by the MNCs operating in different countries. In this report, the ethical issues regarding the multinational business operations in Indian market has been analyzed. Different types of issues faced in the business operations of the MNCs have been analyzed in this report. Then the basic models of the business ethics have been discussed. The features of practicing the ethical considerations in the multinational business operations in the Indian market have been also analyzed. Finally the relationships between the social responsibility and ethical considerations have been analyzed and some recommendations are given after summarizing the findings of the reports. 2. Main Part: Social challenges faced by the multinational companies: The main challenges faced by the multinational companies in different countries are associated with the local culture of the company. Initially the understanding of the local culture of the operating countries is a great challenge to the MNCs, but it is vital to the MNCs for practicing the business operations by the proper maintenance of the ethical considerations. Every business n the organization has its own culture which affects the working style of the employees and the business operations in the local and global market. In order to main the ethical considerations regarding the culture, high level of understanding and following of the local culture is required (Rossouw Van Vuuren, 2013). Corporate Social Responsibility is associated with the commitment and well-being of the community through the business operations. At present, the business organizations are competing for developing the good brand image by the CSR activities. The basic concepts behind the practices of the CSR activities are the ethical consideration of the business operations. According to Shaw (2016), the CSR activities are ethical considerations of the company and the business organizations must have to think about the well-beings of the people who are getting affected by their business operations. The economic, social, environmental and human rights all are the parts of the ethical considerations regarding these responsibilities. MNCs should always endorse a non-discriminatory policy regarding the employment. Apart from the payments, the employees of a business organization should get all the required benefit from the employer organizations. In this context, the multinational companies used to face serious issues as the requirements and the employee welfare concepts varies from the home country of the organizations to the operating country. The health and safety policies for the employees are different in different countries. The multinational companies are facing the problems regarding the different health and safety polices in different countries (Hoffman Frederick Schwartz, 2014). The multinational companies are required to maintain the government taxation laws and should pay the right amount of tax to the government of the operating country. It has been found that maximum ethical issues found in the business operations of the multinational companies are in the area of the taxation laws. Basic models of the business ethics: In order to maintain the ethical considerations of the business operations, there are some models of the business ethics. The main concept behind the business ethics the thought Honesty is the best policy. The children are taught this though in the schools and in the family. The ethical considerations of the business are about conducting the business operations with honesty (Buchholtz Carroll, 2012). There are some global guidelines for the ethical behavior of the business operations are known as model of business ethics: Codes of conduct: Developing written code of conducts forces the business organizations towards the honesty in the business operations. Codes of conducts include the general instructions to the business organizations and mission statement for expressing the core values of the business and the real life ethical issues against each of the specific business activities. The codes of conduct help the business organizations to take proper decision regarding the maintenance of the business ethics (Chell et al., 2014). The issues covered in this model are the behavior with the outside public, the supervisors, the co-workers and subordinates. Employee Handbook: Maximum business organizations provide a comprehensive handbook to their employees regarding the ethical policies in their business. The specific expectations regarding the behavior of the employees are written in the handbook. The non-disclosures, compensation rules, work schedule, safety, employee benefits, companys property and leave policies are written in the handbooks. The conditions for conflicts of interest and breaching of the confidentiality of the written codes are also written in the handbooks (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Professional Codes: The professional codes are use fro assisting the professionals for working in their workplaces. Many of the business organizations work by self regulated rules. In these organizations, the management of the organization is responsible for deciding whether a person is fit for the organizations or not. In this type of case, the professional codes should be universal throughout all the workplaces of the organization. The organizations are not supposed to use different types of rules for different people (Jennings, 2014). Government Codes: Every government has its unique rules regarding the business ethics and the professional behavior of the employees of the business organizations. The code of ethics by the individual government of the country in which the business organizations is working has to be maintained (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). The codes are associated with the HRM policies, external business operations like import and export of materials, taxations and the use of government property. Plus decision-making model: This model was developed by the Ethics resource Center in the year if 1924 regarding the ethical standards of the public and private organizations. The model has an ethical guideline which defines six steps for the ethical decision making. The steps are: defining the problem, identifying the alternatives, evaluations of the alternatives, make the decision, implement the decision and evaluate the decision. In the section of the alternative identification, all the alternatives should be justified with the current legislations and ethical principles of the country in which the business organizations are operations their business. The evaluations of the alternatives should also be done by considering the right and wrong regarding the ethical principles and the decision makers on sense (Koslowski, 2013). The selection of one of the alternative should ensure that the optimum ethical considerations should get from the alternatives. In the last phase of the decisi on making model, the decision makers should determine whether the selected option is able to resolve the problem by maintaining all the ethical considerations of the business activities of the organization. Features of the business ethics in Indian market: The features of the business ethics in the Indian market are as follows: Ethical values: Business ethics are associated with the morality of the business operations in todays world. The private and public business organizations have the responsibility of taking care of the well beings of the society. Business organizations affect the society by their products or services. Therefore, it is needed that the business organizations conduct their activities by self control, self scarifies and should keep the interest regarding the community at large significant value of ethics (Stanwick Stanwick, 2013). Relative term: Ethics is actually a relative term in the area of morality and immorality. It differs depending on the perspectives of the individuals as the concept of moral and immoral activities depends on the individual thinking of the persons (Berger Herstein, 2014). Interest of society: Business morals infers that business ought to first do great to the general public and after that to itself. Business is a vital foundation and has a social obligation to ensure the enthusiasm of every one of those gatherings who are specifically or in a roundabout way identified with the association like workers, shareholders and shoppers and so on to add to the achievement of business (Ramesh Goel, 2014). Business social relationship: Business morals set the terms and principles to comprehend the societal relationship of business. It demonstrates what society anticipates from business and what it supposes about the business (Abend, 2014). Framework: The government framework regarding the ethical considerations of the business operations should be maintained by the business organizations. Business organizations should be limited the activities under the social, cultural and legal aspects of India (Poruthiyil, 2013). Facilities protection of social groups: Business ethics are concerned with facilities of the consumers, shareholders and the social groups associated with the business operations. The priority should be given to the area of overall interest of social good. This approach helps the business organizations to develop a good brand value and expansion in the target market (Reynolds, 2015). Not in opposition to profit making: The business ethics are not against the profit of the business, it is actually against the profit making by cheating any one. It straightly says that the business organizations should make profit by right value to the consumers and other stakeholders of the business operations. The employees should not be exploited and the consumers or any investors should not be cheated by the business organizations for making more profit from the business operations (Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera, 2013). Willful acceptance: Business ethics cannot be imposed on any organizations by any fixed rules or polices. The ethics should be realized by the management of the business organizations and should be accepted by the self realization. Ethics in advertising: India is a culture focused country and has some ethical considerations regarding the content of the advertisements. The advertisements should be passed by the censor board before displaying publicly. The general ethical principle of providing advertising is to display the proper information regarding the products or services if the business organizations. This is not ethical if a business organization shows any false information for attracting the customers towards their products or services (Kolk, 2016). Ethical challenges faced by the multinational companies in the Indian market: India is a developing country, but represents an interesting case of understanding the business ethics regarding the modern business. The country is the land of many great souls like Ramakrishna, Chankya, Buddha and many other spiritual gurus. The ethical principle of the country regarding the business operations are influenced by the Indian history and culture. Currently the country is playing the leading role in the global business community. Ethical responsibilities of the business operations are the activities which are not expected form the business organizations or prohibited by the members of the society or management board. However, the ethical principles are not codified into laws (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). Many of the multinational companies have faced some ethical issues in the business operations in India. General Motors violated the testing norms in the year of 2013. The cars have to pass the emission test by the Indian government before launching in the market. In that year, the company sent their already approved engines of their existing car models in the new model of Tavera (Mathew, 2015). The Indian government investigated the new car models later and the engine fails to meet the government specifications regarding the emission level. The company accepted the ethical violation and announced the recall of 1.14 lack Chevrolet Taveras in that year (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). Another incident of violating the ethical principles of the business operations is the example of Coca-Cola. The company faced issues regarding the environmental violation regarding the water. The company opened production house in Rajasthan where people are suffering from water problem. Already there was lack of water and the company was using the water for the production of soft drinks. Apart from use the water, the wastes of the company was polluting the air and water of the locality. The company had the valid license of conducting the production in the area. For this reason, the government was unable to take any step against the company. However the local people and societies raised voices against the company. In order to resolve the issue, the company developed two huge artificial water bodies of fresh water (Coca-cola.com, 2016). This was a good CSR activity which helped the organization to develop a good brand image. They have also improved the waste management system for ensu ring the less harm to the environment of the locality. Social responsibilities to deal with the ethical issues: Man is a social creature and can't live in separation. He is relied upon to carry on in a way that is socially and ethically worthy to others. The same applies to organizations. In spite of the fact that the essential target of any business is to gain most extreme benefits for the proprietors and shareholders, it is additionally anticipated that would direct its operations in a way that it satisfies its social commitments too. For instance, however it is not official on any private division organization to give occupation to the debilitated or weaker areas of the general public, it is thought to be a part of the social obligation of the organization to ingest individuals from such segments of the general public (Stanwick Stanwick, 2013). So also however there is not composed law to constrain an organization to participate in acts to accomplish something to decrease contamination or to help out the improvement of environment, taking up activities to tidy up environment are thought to be a part of the social obligation of the organization. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept of the organizations of taking proper responsibilities of their customers, shareholders, employees, society and environment. These activities help the business organizations for conducting all types of business operations in the right way by maintaining all the legislations and ethics. Ethics are the basic building block for society and organizations and the social responsibilities are the specific activities of the organizations for the maintenance of the ethical considerations (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). 3. Conclusion: After analyzing the different factors of the business ethics in the area of the multinational business operations, it can be concluded that the business organizations should conduct the business activities by maintaining the ethical principles of the business operations. The government legislations and taxation laws are significant for conducting the multinational business operations in different countries. In order to maintain the ethical considerations of the business operations, the business environment of the target country should be analyzed properly. Some examples of the ethical issues faced by the multinational companies in the Indian market have been discussed in this report and these can be used for providing recommendations to other MNCs to eliminate these kinds of issues in future. Recommendations: Understanding the Indian culture and history: The multinational companies have to understand the value of Indian culture and the history. The ethical consideration regarding the cultural history of the country state that the business operations should ensure the overall benefits of the stakeholders of the business. The HRM activities of the business operations should be developed by considering the culture and festivals of the country. Indian history is associated with many great people who are the spiritual gurus which are indicating that any type of fraudulent is not allowed in the country. By marinating this ethical considerations the business organizations should focus on the overall benefits of all the stakeholders from the business operations. Holistic engagement with the employees: The organizations should develop a good relationship with the employees and focus on the area of overall well-beings of the employees. The health and safety act of the Indian government should be maintained by the business organizations. Improvisation and adaptability: The product development strategy and other business operations need to be improved to resolve the ethical issues of the business operations. If any issue found in the area of the ethical consideration, the business organizations should take immediate action for resolving the issue. Sometimes the adaptations of new technologies help the business organizations to improve their waste management system for marinating the ethical considerations of the business operations. Environmental development: At present, the environmental development is the most vital activity of the ethical considerations. The business organizations should ensure that their business operations are conducting by the minimum harm to the environment. References: Abend, G. (2014).The moral background: an inquiry into the history of business ethics. Princeton University Press. Berger, R., Herstein, R. (2014). The evolution of business ethics in India.International Journal of Social Economics,41(11), 1073-1086. Buchholtz, A. K., Carroll, A. B. (2012).Business society: Ethics stakeholder management. South-Western Cengage Learning. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2014). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-7. Coca-cola.com,. (2016).Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products.Coca-cola.com. Retrieved7 June 2016, DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2016).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Gm.com,. (2016).General Motors | Official Global Site | GM.com.Gm.com. Retrieved7 June 2016, Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons.