Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with Essay

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with violence, capitalism and representations of gender - Essay Example In the small house where the boy lives, he is with his grandfather and his small sister who both works hard to ensure the family gets the basic needs. The poor peace enjoyed by the family comes under jeopardy when the boy loses the hired Cyclo culminating the change of his life and that of his sister. Through the influence of a poet who works for the Boss Lady, the owner of the Pedi-cab and the same person who stole it, the boy is introduced to crime and his young sister to prostitution. There is violence within the city and the boy is given harder tasks but he is spared from death despite failing to kill his assigned target as a result of a form of developed love that connects him to his deceased mentally retarded son. Capitalism leads to violence and gender oppression in Vietnam because of the failure of government institutions obligated with the role of running the nation. To effectively capture the themes depicted by the author, it is important to focus on a detailed analysis of two scenes presented in the film. The first scene is essential as it gives the audience a basis behind the young boy’s life as one of the main protagonists in the film. It is through his daily chores where the young boy is ferrying passengers in Saigon City where the mind of the young boy reflects on the voice of his deceased father. The voice is heard by the audience from the background advising the boy on the need to live a better life than that of his father. There is a tone of pity from the voice of the deceased father as he recalls how he left his son and daughter with nothing (0: 01- 6). Buoyed by the words of his father, Cyclo is determined to change the state of his life and that of his family. The idea is almost a reality after a short while where Cyclo with another person finds good news on the newspaper about sourcing for loans from the

Assignment For Media Histories Class on Photography from 1850-1900

For Media Histories Class on Photography from 1850-1900 - Assignment Example The skewed horizon, violation of the thirds rule, and several other composition errors point out that the image is taken for documentary needs only. 2. This image may be regarded as a perfect instance of a production photo as a genre. Since the train platform is totally desert, it is hard to say that the actress has just arrived by train (considering the freshness of her face, as well), while, in fact, the photo session was arranged in honor of Kim Novak’s return from the Cannes festival. Everything seems strange and unnatural on the photo, and this can be explained by the statement that celebrities were not avoiding photographers fifty years ago, and Kim Novak poses with pleasure. Nevertheless, it is a common image for the 50s, as photographers often covered the stars’ arrivals, departures, and other routine actions. However, considering the photographer’s point of view, it should be emphasized that he wished to depict the openheartedness of the actress, since s he was tired after the trip, nevertheless, agreed to participate in the photo session. 3. Most probably, the photographer’s key aim was to depict the static nature of the situation on the American - Mexican border. First, the low shooting point does not add dynamism to the image, second, calm, and smooth light transitions jointly with the absence of color and light contrasts emphasize the regular life in the Calexico, and absence of the problems that are common for the present days. However, the legal migration of the Mexican peasants and workers to the USA was the general practice for that years, and in accordance with the information given on the web archives, the participants of the Bracero Program crossed the border in Calexico mainly. However, hundreds of illegal immigrants also preferred Calexico, and the publishing, where the image appeared, was meant to emphasize the problem of the illegal immigration. However, the regular character of the image could be used as the i ntroductory moment, for opening the article in the Los Angeles Times. 4. Ernest Debs seems to be a conservative by nature, moreover, he is occupying a high governmental position (city councilman), and therefore, it is clear that he is not promoting, or recommending horror comics for school libraries. The conservative society must have been worried about the literature preferences of the adolescents, and, Ernest Debs, as a city councilman, is intended to protect the rights and freedoms of the citizens, which involves protecting the children against undesirable content. Considering the research of the details, it should be emphasized that

John Rawls Theory of Justice Summary

John Rawls Theory of Justice Summary A Theory of Justice (1971), by John Rawls, is one of the most influential works in moral and political philosophy written in the twentieth century, according to Samuel Freeman in the Collected Papers of John Rawls (1999). A Theory of Justice is Rawlss attempt to formulate a philosophy of justice and a theoretical program for establishing political structures designed to preserve social justice and individual liberty. Rawls writes in reaction to the then predominant theory of utilitarianism, which posits that justice is defined by that which provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Rawls proposes a theoretical person who, shrouded in a veil of ignorance, must design a just society without foreknowledge of his or her own status in that society. Rawls asserts that from this objective vantage point, which he calls the original position, the individual will choose a system of justice that adequately provides for those positioned on the lowest rungs of society. The ind ividual will do so because he or she may end up in such a disadvantaged position and will want to be adequately provided for. Rawls draws from earlier theories of political philosophy that posit a social contract by which individuals implicitly agree to the terms on which they are governed in any society. Rawls concludes that such a social contract, formulated from the perspective of the original position, will guarantee a just society without sacrificing the happiness or liberty of any one individual. Rawls addresses issues of liberty, social equality, democracy, and the conflict of interests between the individual and society. A Theory of Justice Summary: Justice as Fairness In A Theory of Justice, Rawls begins with the statement that, Justice is the first virtue of social institution, meaning that a good society is one structured according to principals of justice. Rawls asserts that existing theories of justice, developed in the field of philosophy, are not adequate: My guiding aim is to work out A Theory of Justice that is a viable alternative to these doctrines which have long dominated our philosophical tradition. He calls his theory-aimed at formulating a conception of the basic structure of society in accordance with social justice-justice as fairness. Rawls sets forth to determine the essential principles of justice on which a good society may be based. He explains the importance of principles of justice for two key purposes: first, to provide a way of assigning rights and duties in the basic institutions of society; and secondly, to define the appropriate distribution of the benefits and burdens of society. He observes that, by his definition, well-ordered societies are rare due to the fact that what is just and unjust is usually in dispute. He further notes that a well-ordered and perfectly just society must be formulated in a way that addresses the problems of efficiency, coordination, and stability. Critique of Utilitarianism A brief synopsis from Wikipedia: In A Theory of Justice, Rawls argues for a principled reconciliation of liberty and equality. Central to this effort is an account of the circumstances of justice (inspired by David Hume), and a fair choice situation (closer in spirit to Immanuel Kant) for parties facing such circumstances. Principles of justice are sought to guide the conduct of the parties. These parties face moderate scarcity, and they are neither naturally altruistic nor purely egoistic: they have ends which they seek to advance, but desire to advance them through cooperation with others on mutually acceptable terms. Rawls offers a model of a fair choice situation (the original position with its veil of ignorance) within which parties would hypothetically choose mutually acceptable principles of justice. Under such constraints, Rawls believes that parties would find his favored principles of justice to be especially attractive, winning out over varied alternatives, including utilitarian and libertarian accounts. In 1974, Rawls colleague at Harvard, Robert Nozick, published a defense of libertarian justice, Anarchy, State, and Utopia.[3] Because it is, in part, a reaction to A Theory of Justice, the two books are now often read together. Another Harvard colleague, Michael Walzer, wrote a defence of communitarian political philosophy, Spheres of Justice,[4] as a result of a seminar he co-taught with Nozick. In a related line of criticism, Michael Sandel (also a Harvard colleague) wrote Liberalism and the Limits of Justice,[5] which took Rawls to task for asking us to think about justice while divorcing ourselves from the very values and aspirations that define us. Sandels line of argument in part draws on critiques of Rawls advanced by both Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre who argue for the importance that moral ontologies have on ethical arguments.[6] Robert Paul Wolff wrote Understanding Rawls: A Critique and Reconstruction of A Theory of Justice[7] immediately following the publication of A Theory of Justice, which criticized Rawls from a roughly Marxist perspective. Wolff argues in this work that Rawls theory is an apology for the status quo insofar as it constructs justice from existing practice and forecloses the possibility that there may be problems of injustice embedded in capitalist social relations, private property or the market economy. Feminist critics of Rawls, such as Susan Moller Okin,[8] largely focused on the extent to which Rawls theory could account for (if at all) injustices and hierarchies embedded in familial relations. Rawls argued that justice ought only to apply to the basic structure of society. Feminists, rallying around the theme of the personal is political, took Rawls to task for failing to account for injustices found in patriarchal social relations and the gendered division of labor, especially in the household. The assumptions of the original position, and in particular, the use of maximin reasoning, have also been criticized (most notably by Kenneth Arrow[9] and John Harsanyi),[10] with the implication either that Rawls designed the original position to derive the two principles, or that an original position more faithful to its initial purpose would not lead to his favored principles. In reply Rawls has emphasized the role of the original position as a device of representation for making sense of the idea of a fair choice situation for free and equal citizens.[11] Rawls has also emphasized the relatively modest role that maximin plays in his argument: it is a useful heuristic rule of thumb given the curious features of choice behind the veil of ignorance.[12] Some egalitarian critics have raised concerns over Rawls emphasis on primary social goods. For instance, Amartya Sen has argued that we should attend not only to the distribution of primary goods, but also how effectively people are able to use those goods to pursue their ends.[13] In a related vein, Norman Daniels has wondered why healthcare shouldnt be treated as a primary good,[14] and some of his subsequent work has addressed this question, arguing for a right to health care within a broadly Rawlsian framework.[15] Philosopher Allan Bloom, a student of Leo Strauss, criticized Rawls for failing to account for the existence of natural right in his theory of justice, and wrote that Rawls absolutizes social union as the ultimate goal which would conventionalize everything into artifice.[16] Recent criticisms of Rawls theory have come from the philosopher G.A. Cohen. Cohens series of influential papers culminated first in his book, If Youre An Egalitarian, How Come Youre So Rich?[17] and then in his later work, Rescuing Justice and Equality. Cohens criticisms are leveled against Rawls avowal of inequality under the difference principle, against his application of the principle only to social institutions, and against Rawlsian fetishism with primary goods (again, the metric which Rawls chooses as his currency of equality). Philosopher and Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen, a former student of Rawls, critiques and attempts to revitalize A Theory of Justice in his 2009 book The Idea of Justice. He defends the basic notion of justice as fairness but attacks the notion that the two principles of justice emerging from the Original position are necessary. Sen claims that there are multiple possible outcomes of the reflective equilibrium behind the veil of ignorance. A Theory of Justice (1971), by John Rawls, is one of the most influential works in moral and political philosophy written in the twentieth century, according to Samuel Freeman in the Collected Papers of John Rawls (1999). A Theory of Justice is Rawlss attempt to formulate a philosophy of justice and a theoretical program for establishing political structures designed to preserve social justice and individual liberty. Rawls writes in reaction to the then predominant theory of utilitarianism, which posits that justice is defined by that which provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Rawls proposes a theoretical person who, shrouded in a veil of ignorance, must design a just society without foreknowledge of his or her own status in that society. Rawls asserts that from this objective vantage point, which he calls the original position, the individual will choose a system of justice that adequately provides for those positioned on the lowest rungs of society. The individual will do so because he or she may end up in such a disadvantaged position and will want to be adequately provided for. Rawls draws from earlier theories of political philosophy that posit a social contract by which individuals implicitly agree to the terms on which they are governed in any society. Rawls concludes that such a social contract, formulated from the perspective of the original position, will guarantee a just society without sacrificing the happiness or liberty of any one individual. Rawls addresses issues of liberty, social equality, democracy, and the conflict of interests between the individual and society. A Theory of Justice Summary Justice as Fairness In A Theory of Justice, Rawls begins with the statement that, Justice is the first virtue of social institution, meaning that a good society is one structured according to principals of justice. Rawls asserts that existing theories of justice, developed in the field of philosophy, are not adequate: My guiding aim is to work out A Theory of Justice that is a viable alternative to these doctrines which have long dominated our philosophical tradition. He calls his theory-aimed at formulating a conception of the basic structure of society in accordance with social justice-justice as fairness. Rawls sets forth to determine the essential principles of justice on which a good society may be based. He explains the importance of principles of justice for two key purposes: first, to provide a way of assigning rights and duties in the basic institutions of society; and secondly, to define the appropriate distribution of the benefits and burdens of society. He observes that, by his definition, well-ordered societies are rare due to the fact that what is just and unjust is usually in dispute. He further notes that a well-ordered and perfectly just society must be formulated in a way that addresses the problems of efficiency, coordination, and stability. Critique of Utilitarianism Throughout the twentieth century, the dominant philosophical theory of justice in Western philosophy was utilitarianism. Utilitarianism was first developed in the nineteenth century by the great utilitarians, whom Rawls lists as David Hume, Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism essentially posits that a just society is one based on achieving the greatest good, or happiness, for the greatest number of people. However, many theorists have found this principle ultimately unsatisfactory because it implies that the  » Complete A Theory of Justice Summary I fondly recall arguing about Rawls theories in John Singers Values and Institutions class at Colgate, so it was interesting to finally try reading it.   It turns out, the revolution that Rawls created was based on a simple but totally specious change in the assumptions about human nature, and upon this rotten foundation he built up a shaky edifice to justify Liberal yearnings.   The book is reminiscent of a treatise by a Medieval scientist, working out the elaborate orbital patterns that planets would require if the Universe actually were geocentric. In order to accomplish his revolution, Rawls posited a counterintuitive and antihistorical starting point for the discussion of political theory. The great political philosophers, Hobbes, Locke, etc., had used the state of nature as the starting point for their theories.   In this state of nature, men were assumed to be completely self-centered and dedicated only to their own interests, with the result that life was nasty, brutish and short and only the strongest survived.   But gradually men tired of this blood sport and entered into a social contract wherein they surrendered some personal sovereignty to a central governing entity, which, in whatever form, would enforce a set of impartial laws in order to protect men from one another.   This is a pretty minimalist position, the social contract and the government that it creates serve only to provide a certain level of physical security, leaving men free to pursue their own fortunes and taking no interest in the degree to which they succeed.   But it conforms with our intuitive understanding of human nature, our observations of our fellow man and, most importantly, it has proven a workable basis for understanding politics for some 300 years. The essential change that Rawls made was to replace the State of Nature with his Original Position, wherein, when it came time for primordial man to enter into a social contract, because he would be ignorant of his own capacities (the veil of ignorance), he would pursue a low risk strategy and choose a social contract based on egalitarianism; he would seek the most equal distribution of wealth and power possible, just in case it turned out that he was the least fit of the species. If Rawls is right, if men acted on the assumption that they would be one of the ones left behind once the race of life begins, then the rest of his theory might be worth examining.   But, of course, this assumption runs counter to everything we understand about ourselves and our fellow human beings.   It is a fuzzy headed liberals view of the appropriate strategy for lifes losersmake political decisions on the basis of the likelihood that you are a loser and need help.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   But look around a casino or a Lottery Ticket line and you will see that the losers think that they too are winners.   Look at polls about taxation levels and you find that the lower class does not want the upper class taxed too heavily, because they assume that they, or their children, are headed for that bracket eventually.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   It turns out that people act very much as the great philosophers expected them to; they act out of naked self interest and the belief that t hey are capable and deserve whatever they can achieve.   The justice that men seek is in fact little more than an impartial application of a set of laws that are fair to all, not an equal distribution of goods and power, which would necessarily impinge on the freedom of all. Rawls great error is to try to base his theory on a generalized yearning for happiness.   Rawls was seeking a positive definition of Mans aspiration in the original position, but the inevitable result, because we will all define happiness differently, is to create a foundational quagmire for his theories.   After all, you may define happiness as having a lot of stuff, but I may define it as spiritual enlightenment.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The classic understanding, basing the social contract on the avoidance of death, is obviously universal, we are all agreed that our own deaths are to be avoided, and, therefore, more sound.   . Finding the basic supposition that props up Rawls whole theory to be fundamentally incorrect, it behooves us little to examine the superstructure he seeks to construct upon this error.   Suffice it to say, no system of government has ever achieved a more equal distribution of wealth and power than has the American Constitutional Republic and it is based on the classic understanding of human nature found in Hobbes and Locke.   Nuff said. (Reviewed:) John Rawls is perhaps the most significant intellectual in philosophical ethics to have written in the past hundred years. It is nearly impossible to address ethics in contemporary philosophy without saying something about John Rawls. Central to his theory of justice are the concepts of fairness and equality from behind what he terms a veil of ignorance. Rawlss veil of ignorance is a component of the way people can construct society. He refers to an original position in which a person is attempting to determine a fair arrangement for society without any preconceived notions or prejudices. In this original position, people are behind what Rawls calls a Veil of Ignorance and do not know where they will fall in the social hierarchy in terms of race, class, sex, disability, and other relevant factors. Rawls is a Kantian liberal in that he believes that principles of justice should be universalizable, and so the only way to ensure that people will select fair principles of justice is to be certain that they do not know how the principles they select might affect them as individuals. A person behind the veil of ignorance does not know which side of a social contract he or she will be on, does not know his or her race, class, sex, or status in society. A person who does not know what privileges he or she will be born with (or without ) is, in Rawls view, more likely to construct a society that does not arbitrarily assign privilege based on characteristics that should have no bearing on what people get. Rawls believes that a society cannot be just without fairness and equalit y and believes this veil of ignorance both reveals the biases of In A Theory of Justice, Rawls attempts to make a rational study of social ethics by using reason to determine what a just society should look like and how a rational group of people would organize themselves. One major  topic of interest that Rawls presents is the veil of ignorance concept and its role in the creation of original position. Two further concepts of importance to the theory of a just society are the difference principle and the concept of individual liberty in society. Together, these three concepts provide a basis for the discussion and critique of Rawls theory and its implications for the pursuance of justice. Current society and can help to prevent biases in establishing future social arrangements. Rawls method to justice as a theory proposes that principles of justice can be determined through the rational thinking of individuals shrouded by a veil of ignorance. In a purely hypothetical situation, the veil of ignorance creates an original position of equality in which persons under the veil have no knowledge of status, position in society, personal wealth or natural abilities. From behind the veil of ignorance, a rational, objective and disinterested group of people would choose a system of justice that ensures an equal distribution of rights and duties. The term reflective equilibrium was coined by John Rawls and popularized in his celebrated A Theory of Justice as a method for arriving at the content of the principles of justice. Abstract John Rawls Theory of Justice (1971) is the single most important philosophical work of the Left since Marx. Rawls A Theory of Justice can be understood as two theories addressing two different subjects. The split can also be seen textually. The first half of the book deals almost exclusively with the hypothetical theory of justice founded in the original position. The second half of the book addresses how actual institutions should operate given the findings of the initial theory. There are many instances, such as Rawls distinction between fair and formal equal opportunity, where Rawls claims that the purely speculative arguments of his theory can justify his claims concerning actual situations. However, as Sher argues, it is not necessarily the case that Rawls can make the connection. Rawls hypothetical theory can operate on its own. Rawls theory of just institutions is a stronger argument if he does not try and connect the two theories. The problem of desert is one example of how R awls theory of justice as fairness should be read as two theories. Rawls offers a theory of a just and well-ordered society which would distribute wealth, income, liberties, opportunities and positions of authority. He considers justice as fairness as a political -moral conception of justice. The principles of justice are two according to Ralws and these would justify a given body of social, moral and political ideas since they are congruent to our ferments convictions. Utilitarianism was first developed in the nineteenth century by the great utilitarians. Utilitarianism essentially posits that a just society is one based on achieving the greatest good, or happiness, for the greatest number of people. However, Rawls rejects Utilitarianism, for it fails to take into consideration, the distinction that exists between individuals. Since it aims at the greatest happiness and tries to maximize greatest welfare, it fails to secure individual rights. Rawls relies on the social contract tradition in its Kantian form to account for principles that would guide individuals noumenal selves, secure equal basic liberties to all and account for social values and community. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls begins with the statement that, Justice is the first virtue of social institution, meaning that a good society is one structured according to principals of justice. . Rawls asserts that existing theories of justice, developed in the field of philosophy, are not adequate: My guiding aim is to work out A Theory of Justice that is a viable alternative to these doctrines which have long dominated our philosophical tradition. He calls his theory-aimed at formulating a conception of the basic structure of society in accordance with social justice-justice as fairness. He claims that justice as fairness provides a practical political procedure, which satisfies the demand of modern democracies societies. Pluralism entailed by industrial societies is presumed to be the permanent features of modern democracies, which challenges the priority of philosophy over democracy. However, Rawls theory has received large scale attention by some well-known Academicians. Some of them have disagreed and challenged its basic assumptions. These critical appraisals, but, indicate the importance of his work if one wants to deliberate on problems of contemporary social and political theory. In this thesis will try to excavate the philosophical understanding of the Rawlsian theory of justice and also try to identify the philosophical shift in his position under the light of some of major critiques.

Urbanization in the Kurdistan Region Essay -- Sustainable Development

Introduction Urbanization: The process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities (Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary). Sustainable development: The ability of an activity or development to continue in the long term without undermining that part of the environment which sustains it (Scottish Natural Heritage, 1993). The process of urbanization and the population growth across the world has been increasing over the last 40 years, and it is expected to happen in the developing countries' urban areas. Kurdistan is a developing country; before Kurdistan region was not as developed as it is now, and it still needs more development. Kurdistan is considered as a 3rd world country, and that was because the central governments of Iraq did not give enough attention to this region like they did to Baghdad, Mosul and Basra. That is why; this region became less developed than the rest of Iraq. When the region became under the Kurdish authority they tried hard to develo p and give special attention to the region and especially Erbil since it is the capital of the region. Only in a few years the KRG region developed dramatically, before Erbil used to have one public university (Salahaddin University) and now it has many universities; institutions, private universities. This is considered as a great educational development for the Kurds. People now are more educated and have a better life in comparison to the past. As a developing country KRG region has many problems in general also problems concerning the urbanization, because the majority of the population is gathered in three main cities, and this causes lots of problems to the people in the cities. Also to the people who are living in the rural are... ... need a lot of time. Conclusion This essay clearly identified three problems of urbanization within the KRG region and to what extent each one of these problems can be solved by policies of sustainable development. However, not all the solutions can be applicable in the Kurdistan region consequently; while some can be very well applicable. All in all, most of the problems can be solved by the government since the budget of this region is in their hands. Kurdistan is an arable region, also has lots of many oil wells, all these are concerned with nature, so the government should make good use of these resources. Moreover, these problems can also be solved by appropriate planning, getting help from expert foreigners, and spending a great deal of time on such these issues. Even though the people's contribution is a must but that is just a part of the solution.

Personal philosophy of success Essay

I think a personal philosophy of success should be a hope or dream to both people who want to achieve a dream in the future and to people who hasn’t achieved their dream in life. For instance, someone has many degrees of higher education; but has the need to want a higher degree; so his/her philosophy of success would be to get a senior degree. Another example would be someone who doesn’t have anything in life; but want to achieve a dream to make his/her life worthy; so his/her philosophy would be to earn a dream that he/she has been yearning. I would be one of those people who have a diploma; but want to achieve a superior degree. As I quote from Albert Einstein â€Å"The ideals which have lighted me on my way and time after time given me new courage to face life cheerfully, they have been Truth, Goodness, and Beauty. . . . The ordinary objects of human endeavor — property, outward success, luxury — have always seemed to me contemptible.† see more:philosophy of life examples This quote makes me think of my background, where I came from, how far I’ve come, and looking back at all the people who have supported me in life. My personal philosophy of success would be to achieve my personal dream as a doctor. I have had the dream of one day becoming a doctor since the death of my grandparents and the people around me that are sick, dying, and in need of medical care. I always wanted to be the person who saves another life. I want to be an example for my peers, my children, and children peers. I want to be someone that both my generation and the generation that follows to respects, honor and follow not only in my footsteps; but in other honorable wonderful successful individuals who make something of themselves. I am strongly willing to bring forth my dream by preventing and stopping anything that comes in the direction of my path to success. For example: drugs, alcohol, and peer pressure. I think those three things will not prevent me from not achieving my goals if I wasn’t as strong as I am today. My most personal philosophy that I will keep with me until the day I die and I rest in piece is a quote from my mother â€Å"success is something anyone can do especially if a person loves something he/she do such as a career, something he/she wants to achieve such as degrees, that person should make something of his/her self and/or life, that person should go for it and take a shot towards that dream or goal because if that person doesn’t go for it now that person will regret some decision made towards life. If a person does go for that dream the person will definitely be successful and he/she won’t regret  anything in life. He/she will be a happy person.† Retaining that information in my mind has certainly made me a better person and has helped me overcome all of my obstacles.

Industrial Relations Essay

Introduction †¢ relations which are the outcome of the employment relationship in an industrial enterprise †¢ every industrial relations system creates a complex of rules and regulations to govern the work place and work community †¢ main purpose: to maintain harmonious relations between labour and management by solving their problems through collective  bargaining †¢ the government/state shapes industrial relations with the help of law, rules, agreements, awards of the courts Historic Facts †¢ The concept of industrial relations was developed with the industrial revolution †¢ Prior to this it was considered master and servant relationship †¢ The workers were considered and treated like any other  commodity which could be easily purchased and replaced †¢ Wages and conditions of services were poor and this situation was not only in India but also in England and other European countries †¢ The term Industrial Relations comprise Industry and relations. Objectives †¢to improve economic conditions of workers in the present scenario of industrial management and political government †¢to avoid Industrial Conflicts and develop harmonious relations †¢to raise productivity to a higher level †¢to reduce strikes, lockouts and gheros by providing better wages and improved living conditions and fringe benefits to the workers †¢encouraging the sense of ownership among workers for Industries †¢to enhance government control over units and plants that are running under losses or  where production has to be regulated in public interest †¢improved Industrial Relation will protect the interest of labour and well as management. Three partners †¢ Trade Union: Trade unions try to protect interest of workers, they insist upon the development of cultural and educational qualities of there members. †¢ Employers & their organizations: They try to protect the interest of employers, to create healthy industrial atmosphere, so that the objectives of the organization may be achieved. They try to get full co-operation of workers for achieving this objective. †¢ Government: The government plays an important role in establishing better industrial relations. Government passes various laws to protect the interest of both employers and employees. Causes of poor Industrial Relations †¢ An attitude of contempt towards the workers on the part of the management †¢ Inadequate fixation of wages or improper wage structure †¢ Indiscipline †¢ Unhealthy working conditions at the workplace †¢ Lack of human relations skills on the part of supervisors and managers †¢ Desire of workers for higher bonus, wages or daily allowances †¢ Desire of employers to pay as little as possible to its workers Cont.. †¢ Inadequate welfare facilities †¢ Dispute on sharing the gains of productivity †¢ Retrenchment, dismissal and lockouts by the management †¢ Strikes by the workers †¢ Inter-union rivals †¢ Mental inertia on the part of the management. Industrial Disputes Introduction ââ€" « conflicts, disorder or unrest arising between workers and employers on any ground ââ€" « Such disputes finally result in strikes, lockouts and mass refusal of employees to work, until resolved ââ€" « harm both parties employees and employers ââ€" « always against the interest of both employees and the  employers Principles assigned by courts for  judging the nature of disputes †¢ The dispute must affect large number of workmen †¢ The dispute should be taken up by the Industry Union †¢ The parties involved in dispute must have direct interest †¢ The consulted demand must become grievance †¢ Workmen can raise Industrial Dispute himself under Section 2A of Industrial Disputes Act -1947 Forms of Industrial Disputes †¢ The Industrial Dispute can arise in any of the  following form given below: ââ€" « Strike ââ€" « Lockout ââ€" « Gherao Strike †¢termination of work †¢refusal to work of any number of persons will result to a strike †¢if workers are going on mass casual leave under common  understanding this will also result in strike †¢the workmen on strike must be employed in an ‘industry’ which has not been closed down †¢the relationship of employers and employees continues even though in a state of suspension Lockout †¢ Section 2(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 defines â€Å"lockout† to mean the temporary closing of a place of employment or the suspension of work, †¢ Or, the refusal by an employers to continue to employ any number of persons employed by him, †¢ lockout, thus, is the counterpart of strike – the corresponding weapon the hands of employer to resist the collective demands of workmen or to enforce his terms †¢ the suspension of work as a disciplinary measure does not amount to lockout †¢ temporary suspension of work called lay-off is not lock-out Gherao †¢ Gherao means encirclement of the managers to  criminally intimidate him to accept the demands of  the workers. †¢ As per the oxford English Dictionary: ââ€" « Gherao means a protest in which workers prevent  employers leaving a place of work until demands are  met.

Set Up Bathroom Pass Procedures to Manage Hall Traffic

Set Up Bathroom Pass Procedures to Manage Hall Traffic Covering all of the points in a planned lesson often takes every moment of class time. Students who interrupt you to ask for permission to use the restroom throw you off your tight schedule and disrupt their classmates attention. You can minimize the distraction with a bathroom pass system that allows students to excuse themselves, giving them some limited autonomy.   Take time at the beginning of the year to explain your rules about appropriate and inappropriate times to use the restroom. Remind students that they have the preferred time before school, between  classes, and at lunch to use the bathroom. While you can never deny a student access to the toilet, you might set a rule that no student can sign out during the first or last 5 minutes of class or during lecture. This allows enough time for you to complete a mini-lesson or giving directions. Set Up Your Bathroom Pass System Some teachers use clipboards holding a  paper that has columns to record the students name, destination, the  time out and the time back. Students fill out each column independently and take the generic bathroom pass to their destination. This system records daily activity by all students. Another bathroom pass system suggestion uses a plastic index card holder and 3x5 index cards, one per student. At the beginning of the school year, pass out 3x5 index cards and ask students to write their name. Then have them divide the flip side of the index card into four equal areas. In the upper right corner of each quadrant, they should put a 1, 2, 3 or 4 to correspond to the four grading quarters. (Adjust the layout for trimesters or other terms.)   Instruct students to label a row across the top of each area with a D for Date, T for Time and I for Initial. File the cards alphabetically in the plastic holder grouped by class periods and find a convenient location near the door to keep it. Ask them to return the card to the holder in a vertical position so it stands out from the others; you will go through after class or at the end of the day and initial them. This system records daily activity by individual students. Explain Your Bathroom Pass Tracking Method Let students know that your system allows them to excuse themselves from class for a few minutes when they really need to go. Tell the students that if they want to use the restroom, they should quietly fill in the chart or retrieve their card without interrupting you or their classmates and enter the date and time in the appropriate place.   Monitoring the Restroom Pass System Whatever the system you adopt, whether it is a sign-in/sign-out sheet or index cards, you should make sure that all students are following the system.You should also look for patterns.  For example, is a student leaving at the same time daily?  Are the restroom visits having a negative impact on academic? Does the student make poor choices about when to leave? If you notice any of these, you have a discussion with the student.   While some teachers dangle prizes for not using bathroom passes, there can be some health issues associated with students ignoring their bodies signals. There are also medical conditions, including pregnancy, that increase trips to the restroom. Teachers should always be aware of any medical conditions listed on a students individual educational plan (IEP) or 504. Tips You could also Include trips to the locker, other classrooms, etc. in the bathroom pass passes.The index cards are inexpensive to use and to replace, which makes them more sanitary  than other objects.If your school uses physical hall passes, keep those near the card file so students can grab one on their way out of the door.

Free Essays on Neuroticism and Anxiety

Abstract The experiment that was performed focussed on the correlation between Neuroticism and Anxiety. Neuroticism is on the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Anxiety is on the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The purpose of this experiment was to see whether these two characteristics had a distinct correlation. The study involved students at Huron College, who were in Psychology 022. There were 147 students who voluntarily participated in the study. The study involved two different personality tests. On the first day the students filled out the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and on the following class the students filled out the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The results that transpired were, Neuroticism and Anxiety have a high correlational value and they are directly related to each other. These two characteristics also have a high significance value and the results obtained were not due to chance. Correlational study between Anxiety and Neuroticism Personality consists of all the relatively stable and distinctive styles of thought, behavior, and emotional response that characterize a person’s adaptations to surrounding circumstances (Maddi, 1976). That people differ from each other is obvious, how and why is less clear and is the subject of psychologists to find out the differences in personalities between people. Why do different situations cause varied reactions in people in such a distinct manner? Some people love going skydiving, while others would never even consider attempting that action. What traits cause particular individuals to enjoy an act, while others are so fearful of something it causes them to feel pain and dismay. There is not a single answer to this question, but there are many factors that play a role in determining the solution. It is proven that individuals have personality traits that differentiate them from everyone else. No two people are going to be ... Free Essays on Neuroticism and Anxiety Free Essays on Neuroticism and Anxiety Abstract The experiment that was performed focussed on the correlation between Neuroticism and Anxiety. Neuroticism is on the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Anxiety is on the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The purpose of this experiment was to see whether these two characteristics had a distinct correlation. The study involved students at Huron College, who were in Psychology 022. There were 147 students who voluntarily participated in the study. The study involved two different personality tests. On the first day the students filled out the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and on the following class the students filled out the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The results that transpired were, Neuroticism and Anxiety have a high correlational value and they are directly related to each other. These two characteristics also have a high significance value and the results obtained were not due to chance. Correlational study between Anxiety and Neuroticism Personality consists of all the relatively stable and distinctive styles of thought, behavior, and emotional response that characterize a person’s adaptations to surrounding circumstances (Maddi, 1976). That people differ from each other is obvious, how and why is less clear and is the subject of psychologists to find out the differences in personalities between people. Why do different situations cause varied reactions in people in such a distinct manner? Some people love going skydiving, while others would never even consider attempting that action. What traits cause particular individuals to enjoy an act, while others are so fearful of something it causes them to feel pain and dismay. There is not a single answer to this question, but there are many factors that play a role in determining the solution. It is proven that individuals have personality traits that differentiate them from everyone else. No two people are going to be ...

Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians

Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians By Maeve Maddox I have the good fortune to live within a thirty-minute drive of Crystal Bridges, one of the world’s few major art museums to specialize in American art. Or should I say, â€Å"Usonian art†? Usonian is a new word to me. It does not appear in either the OED or M-W. I read it for the first time in a news story announcing the acquisition of a Usonian house that is being dismantled in New Jersey to be transported and reassembled on the 120-acre grounds of Crystal Bridges. American/Usonian architect Frank Lloyd Wright used the word to refer to his vision for New World architecture that would be free of previous architectural conventions. Wright’s first use of the word was in 1927: But why this term America has become representative as the name of these United States at home and abroad is past recall. Samuel Butler fitted us with a good name. He called us Usonians, and our Nation of combined States, Usonia. Wright misattributed the term Usonian to Samuel Butler. In fact, the word’s first appearance was in 1903, in the writings of James Duff Law. He proposed the term as an adjective to describe the residents of the United States: †We of the United States, in justice to Canadians and Mexicans, have no right to use the title Americans when referring to matters pertaining exclusively to ourselves.† L.L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, had similar ideas. The Esperanto word for the United States–first used in a speech at the 1910 World Congress of Esperanto in Washington, D.C., is Usono; the Esperanto word for an inhabitant of the U.S. is Usonano, and the adjective is usona. Wright’s â€Å"Usonian homes† were designed to be affordable to middle-income families; they were small, single-story dwellings without a garage or much storage. Wright coined the word carport to describe the covered unenclosed space in which to park the family car. Jacobs House, thought to have been the first of about sixty Usonian homes designed by Wright, was built in Madison, Wisconsin in 1937. The buyer, Herbert Jacobs, challenged Wright to design and build a home for $5,000. Using recycled bricks, Wright kept construction costs to $5,500. Note: In 1937, the average annual wage in the U.S. was $1,788; the average cost of a new house, $4,100; the average price of a new car, $760, and annual tuition at Harvard University, $420. Perhaps speakers in the United States who wish to avoid offending the other inhabitants of North and South America by using the word American to refer to themselves alone could soothe their consciences by adopting the word Usonian. To try it out, I played around with some movie titles: A Usonian Werewolf in London Captain Usonia Usonian Beauty Usonian Graffiti Usonian Pie Usonian Psycho Usonian Reunion Usonian Hustle The change would take some getting used to. But then, since so many people are complaining nowadays that the country is not what it once was, maybe it’s time to adopt a new demonym. Note: Demonym is another word that hasn’t made it into the OED or M-W yet. From the Greek word for â€Å"populace,† a demonym is the name applied to a person according to country of origin. For example, French, Latvian, Canadian. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should Know30 Nautical Expressions

What is about 'mercy killing' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is about 'mercy killing' - Essay Example The base of democracy or fundamental human rights mean individuals free will and rights. If so, giving a right to choose pleasant death to a person is also needed. Along the path from life to death, it is essential to choose the way and timing according to ones own faith about death. I am of the opinion that euthanasia should not be allowed unless a patient is very much pain that can end up killing them. Euthanasia has elicited a big debate across the countries in the world whereby some approve the practice while others detest it. These reactions are based on the view that people take towards the practice based on their cultures and traditions. In my cultural context, euthanasia is considered the same as killing another person. A life of a person is very precious, it is a like a taboo that a person should not terminate the life of another irrespective of the means used. There are some areas where euthanasia is totally banned such that even the patient cannot seek it. I do not think is right because the patient knows what they are going through. The procedure of ‘mercy killing’ it is not popular across many populations, therefore it skips the minds of many to imagine whether such a procedure is ever done anywhere in the world. I initially never though there was ever such a procedure until I went to high school. In most cases, the less developed parts of the world have ve ry little awareness on this procedure. However, in the developed world, people are very much aware and at times patients request the procedure to be done to them. In this regard, there is no option other that the doctor heed to the patient’s need if the laws allow it. Myself included, a majority of the people have some basic understanding of euthanasia. Across the population, it is important that people understand what this procedure entails; this is because very few are able

Molecular Basis of Disease Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Molecular Basis of Disease - Lab Report Example Staining is one of the techniques used in the characterization of cancer cells. The most commonly used staining methods and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Generally the two methods have been used to differentiate between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells. Hematoxylin stains the nucleus purple while Eosin stains the cytoplasms pink. Cancer cells can also be stained particularly to differentiate them from other cells. However, it is imperative to note that there are preparation processes that should take place in order for tissue staining to be specific and relevant (Ahmed, 2007, p.490). Histopathology is a technique that involves the studying of disease development in tissues at the microscopic level. In medicine histopathology refers to the examination of tissue biopsies that have already been prepared through histological techniques and placed on glass slides. The histological techniques used in sample preparation are tissue harvesting, fixation, embedding, mounting and staini ng of the tissue sections. Tissue harvesting: it involves the surgical removal of the tissue followed fixing to ensure that the tissue is stable and that it does not decay. Fixation: two methods are used; chemical fixation and freeze fixation. Chemical fixation is done using formalin while freeze fixation is done using cryo-protectants such as OCT, TBS or Cryogel before freezing. Mounting: Tissues are placed in paraffin before being sectioned using a microtome before they are stained. Staining: The processed tissues are stained for viewing under a microscope. Objectives I. To prepare low and high power drawings of normal skin, breast and colon tissues. II. To prepare low and high power drawings of one diseased skin specimen or one diseased colon specimen. III. To prepare low power diagrams of all three diseased breast tissue specimens IV. To answer the relevant questions in the practical manual Materials I. Light microscope. II. Blank plain paper. III. Pencil IV. Specimens: a) Colon - Normal human - Polyposis b) Skin - Normal human - Basal cell carcinoma - Malignant Melanoma - Squamous cell carcinoma c) Breast - Normal human - Lobular hyperplasia - Fibrodenoma Methods Human Colon The slide was held up to the light and the darker purple staining layer of the gastric mucosa (inner most layer of colon) identified. The slide was then place on the stage so that the inner layer of the colon was on top. The upper edge of the specimen was then focused under low power magnification of the microscope (X40) and the following areas identified: gastric mucosa, muscularis mucosa, sub-mucosa and muscularis. After the major layers had been identified, the following layers were labeled: mucosa, colonic glands, gastric pits, sub-mucosa, muscularis mucosa (inner and outer layers) and blood vessels. A high power drawing of the gastric mucosa was the prepared and the following labeled: surface epithelium, colonic glands, goblet cells and lymphoid follicles. The same procedure was repeated for diseases colon cells and the differences between tissue specimens identified. Human Skin The slide was held up to the light to identify the outer layer of the skin. The slide was then placed on the stage so that the surface of the skin was positioned on top. The upper edge of the specimen was focused under low

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Terrorism - Essay Example If one kills another human being due to self-defense—there is some purpose to it. However, if the attacker deliberately takes a live of someone to instill their radical views—that is ethically wrong. During terroristic attacks, human beings get treated as mere objects rather than creatures of life. Kant himself mentioned that people often induce terror â€Å"to treat them as ends in themselves and not simply as means to one's own ends.† Here it may seem complicated and puzzling, but Kant clearly here depicts the true agenda that is molded in human morality. Another reason why terrorism is not a justified means of achieving a particular is aim is due to the fact that it takes the lives of innocent citizens. One cannot diminish the fact that terrorism leads to innocent lives of victims. The victims in terrorist attacks are killed merely because they were present at that moment. The attack was not focused in military personnel or anyone, which makes the attack seem illogical. The victims are taken simply because they were present at that moment even though they were not associated Lastly, the use of terrorism is wrong because it uses violence as a way to justify the means of conducting violence. Terrorist attacks are no doubt a violation of human dignity.

Benjamin Franklin Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benjamin Franklin - Assignment Example He helped James create pamphlets. He wrote letters under the name of a fictional widow named Dogood. He used to write particularly about how women were being treated. It was an instant hit in the market. And everyone wanted to know the real name of Silence Dogood. During those times, Smallpox was a deadly disease which according to Mr. Benjamin could be cured only by inoculation. But while people liked this idea, they didn’t like the way Mr. Benjamin made fun of clergy. Hence Mr. Benjamin was jailed. After his release from jail, James and Mr. Benjamin had a fight which forced him to run away to Philadelphia (Isaacson, 2003). One of his main accomplishments during the period was launching of the Library Company in 1731. This led to the birth of first subscription library. He also helped launching of American Philosophy Society, which was the first learned society in America. In 1751 he also formed the Pennsylvania Hospital after recognizing the need to treat the sick people in a better way. He founded Philadelphia’s Union Fire Company to help people from the problem of fire, which was the first in the city. Sometimes individual’s house was damaged by fire leading to irreversible loss. In 1752, he founded the Philadelphia Contribution for Insurance Against Loss by fire (Morse, 2007). Benjamin Franklin started to take active interest in Politics in 1750s. He even went to England representing Pennsylvania to fight against the Penn family to find out who would control the Colony. During his time abroad, he thought of himself as a loyal Englishman. At that time England had many amenities which Americans lacked. England also had fine theatre, thinkers and witty conversation. Mr. Franklin was surprised to find out strong opposition by Americans against the Stamp Act. He gave testimony in front of Parliament to persuade the members to repeal the Act. Mr. Franklin was growing sick of the large amount of corruption

Manager's Hot Seat #1-Burned by the Privacy Firewall Essay

Manager's Hot Seat #1-Burned by the Privacy Firewall - Essay Example I would have instead first asked him to explain why the personal and long distance calls through a proper channel which is to course through his superior who is the other lady in the video. Willy’s explanation must be taken into account because he is a performer in the company. In addition, any administrative meted against Willy must also be made known to his superior first. Also, the threshold of what constitutes excessive calls must be clearly established. It should not just be based on a mere whim such as in the video. If an employee asks for the threshold and his or her record, it should be made available to him or her to review company use of equipment. In the video, the policy was clearly abused because even Willy’s superior was subjected to review and cannot ask for her record or the threshold of calls. The concrete action that I would take is to recall Willy’s administrative leave and have it reviewed. I will also review the policy and make the threshold of company’s communication equipment very concrete and

Book Report Asian Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Report Asian Americans - Essay Example Considerably, this fact is noticeably evident in her book thus aiming to show how much importance there is in need of being placed so as to be able to describe and define a society that lives within another society and how that particular matter affects the people in a rather direct manner. In the society, cultural diversity is an evident and become dominant concept wherein it commonly affects the social structures and processes in the society. This is mainly because cultural diversity significantly cause the society to be segregated into their respective social minority groups with their cultural differences serving as the gap and blocking wall between these groups. In addition, cultural diversity also has caused certain negative social problems such as discrimination and oppression worsening the difficulty of social separation. Because of which, the negative aspect of multiculturalism and the social tension it has produced should be sufficiently addressed. Different social groups and institutions are making different steps and approaches to bridge the gap of multiculturalism in every individual and social minority. ... addition, community groups are also establishing social groups and institutions that request participation from different cultural groups giving them a chance to communicate and relate to other groups tearing down themselves the walls created by multiculturalism. These programs and community efforts are established to promote communication and social involvement of each social minority in the campaign to address social unity. Multiculturalism in the present society serves as a hindering wall thus, this hindrance must be torn down using intercultural communication and social participation. Intervention must also be done in facilitating cooperative approaches to ensure its advantage. With this approach implemented, society as a whole would be one-step closer in making a harmonious relationship between culturally diversified social groups. With the growth of worldwide globalization systems, it could not be denied that many people are transferring from one country to another. Some for business reasons, some for educational reasons and others just transfer for tourism purposes. Whatever it is that the different races transfer places, it could not be denied that in many ways, the said progressive movement of the human society towards the future raises several points of consideration in the human identity belonging to a certain ethnic group. Along with the global development come the exchange of culture and other aspects of racial contributions such as language have been exchanged through immigration activities. This is the reason why it is very important for people to see to it that even though there is so much diversity in the world, language is still one of the keys by which a certain race's ethnicity could be identified amidst diversity. In many continents around the

Manager's Hot Seat #1-Burned by the Privacy Firewall Essay

Manager's Hot Seat #1-Burned by the Privacy Firewall - Essay Example I would have instead first asked him to explain why the personal and long distance calls through a proper channel which is to course through his superior who is the other lady in the video. Willy’s explanation must be taken into account because he is a performer in the company. In addition, any administrative meted against Willy must also be made known to his superior first. Also, the threshold of what constitutes excessive calls must be clearly established. It should not just be based on a mere whim such as in the video. If an employee asks for the threshold and his or her record, it should be made available to him or her to review company use of equipment. In the video, the policy was clearly abused because even Willy’s superior was subjected to review and cannot ask for her record or the threshold of calls. The concrete action that I would take is to recall Willy’s administrative leave and have it reviewed. I will also review the policy and make the threshold of company’s communication equipment very concrete and

Macromedia DreamWeaver Essay Example for Free

Macromedia DreamWeaver Essay After hearing the talk with John Burton a Director from the Varndean e-learning company. I have learnt that Varndean if a fairly small company compared to other large manufactures. Johns Role in Varndean e-Learning is a shared one. As the company is a relatively small one they all share roles. But John writes interactive Learning materials (such as the one we are working from) He also has a small role with finances, but his main role is working with selling the product. John will try to sell his programs in many ways. They include Websites, where the customers can view screenshots of the product and order a CD for more information, or they can actually buy the product its self. Varndean also run large marketing campaigns, they have a huge database of all the schools in the country. They use this to help distribute letters to or leaflets or any other way of selling their products. Also they invite them to a seminar where thy can show them the products in far more detail. To accomplish all this the company would have to use different software and hardware. Without the use of some software there is no way they could produce enough letters to distribute letters between thousands of schools. Also with out such web authoring tools such as Macromedia Dreamweaver no way could they make their websites. Also Microsoft exel and access keeping databases of all the schools addresses. With out software and hardware there is no way the sales department at Varndean could hold its ground well. Also Varndean and nearly all company little or large use email. John says, they receive 10-15 emails a day asking for more detail or information about their programs. So without hardware and software the sales department probably would work. Here is a list of all the things that makes this company work. Purchasing Deparment Another director at Varndean e-Learning is Andy Legget. He is more concerned with the purchasing department. His job can be as small as buying paper clips or paper for the printer or to buy 2 servers to power a website and an office from. They make all their purchases using a company bank account. They use debit cards quite a lot because they purchase a lot of equipment over the Internet. (Especially from the U. S) All of the suppliers that are purchased from are recorded in a SAGE instant account package. They keep track of who the suppliers are what weve bought from them. By listening to Andy talk about the purchasing department I know that the purchasing department have:   PCS An internet Connection AGE Instant Accounts   They Work from there office in the Varndean company building hey use 1 server to power there Network They use 1 server to run their website from As Andy doesnt give a list of hardware or software he uses it is hard to see what equipment they use. So by reading what he says I can think that the Purchasing department runs on 2 servers. One run their website and the other powers the network. They use the Sage Instant accounts package, using this they can track their suppliers. Also we know that they use a Debit card to pay for things over the Internet. Andy and his purchasing department staff would normally work in a office, here the advantage of ICT is shown as they use it to their advantage, without it they would not be able to surf the web and buy the products needed to make the purchasing department useful. With ICT the purchasing department can run a lot more quicker, smoother and efficient. Also with the aid of ict they can communicate with other companies Via email and other software, E. g. Msn Messenger, AOL Instant messenger. The Finances Department The Finances runs mainly on the use of ICT, the use of ICT in the Finances department is absolutely vital, they use it to follow the accounts, money coming in, and money coming out. This software allows them to keep track of any money due in and at the same time keep control of the amount of money being spent by the purchasing department. Once again all of the software and hardware and probably used in a designated office or set of rooms. They would have to use broadband to be quicker and carry out tasks faster. Individuals in the Finances department are given a great advantage over other rival companies who have no ICT. With out it they would have to use pen and paper and search through catalogues. Not only would this take much longer, less efficient and harder to get information on the items and users. At Varndean the 2 main people that control the Finances department are John and Sue. They send out invoices and inform people of the amount of the days they have left to pay, this will tart from 30 days, With the use of SAGE instant accounts package they can follow their customers or buyes around the world and follow there bank accounts. In this their details like Name, address and other contacts details are stored. Another piece of software used is the BACS this is an electronic system that can send any money straight the there bank account. The last main piece of software used is the SAGE payroll. Each month either Sue or John will enter the details of the workers at varndean. This then (Every 3 weeks) will automate print out each check for each worker. Once again the Finances department would use Macromedia DreamWeaver to create websites to distribute information on their products. Also from the internet they can communicate with other companies and also search the web for the purchasing department to buy. They get information from forums and the products website. Operations Department The Operations department is run by Andy, this is the part of the company which creates the products and creates the websites. To create the software they sell, they need to first use several pieces of hardware to create it, for example there software includes Video, so to get this video they need to use a Digital Camcorder to record images, they then upload it to their computers then with the use of ICT they can edit what they have recorder and place them into their software. Operations department is mainly in control of the creating of the software and websites.

Describing And Defining Conscience

Describing And Defining Conscience According to the definition in Colliers encyclopaedia, conscience is the human beings direct or deliberate conviction of right or wrong in resistance to the humans strong impulses and desires, conscience is the force that makes one recognise what one ought to do and bids one to do it. The problem of conscience involves two questions; what is its nature and its origin, and what is its authority? The earliest accounts of conscience, in theological tradition, explain it as the voice of God in the soul directing one to do right. 1. Modern ethics, without the appeal to supernatural principles, has developed to main theories of conscience, intuition and empiricism. Intuitionism agrees with the theological doctrine that there exists a direct and imperative certainty in right and wrong but describes this so called moral sense as a plain fact of moral nature. Various versions of intuitions have regarded the moral sense as analogous to the familiar five senses or as emotional, or as the verdict of moral reason. Empiricism rejects the claim of intuitionism as contradicted by the evidence of past experience and claims that there is no such conviction of right and wrong and that conscience is simply the cumulative inference from past experience directing future conduct. Its authority is not universal or absolute, but varies with circumstances and is ever subject to revision. 2. Conscience is a key term in Christian ethics foundation of traditional moral theology and a word familiar in popular speech. 3. Perhaps the single most important statement on conscience in the documents of Vatican 2, occurs in the Pastoral Constitution of the Church. 4. Man has in his heart a law written by God, to obey it is the very dignity of man; according to it he will be judged. Conscience is the most secret core and sanctuary of man. There he alone with God, whose voice echoes in his depths. In a wonderful manner conscience reveals that law which is fulfilled by love of God and neighbour. Infidelity to conscience, Christians are joined with the rest of men in the search for truth and for the genuine solution to the numerous problems which arise in the life of individuals an from social relationships. { Vat. 2.1966 n.pp 213-214} 1. Colliers Encyclopaedia, Vol. 7,p. 2. Colliers Encyclopaedia, Vol. 7.p. 3. MacQuarrie John, Dictionary of Christian Ethics. 4. Bier W. C. SJ. Conscience-its freedom and limitations. Traditionally, conscience has not been thought of by Christians as a special faculty, or as an intuitive voice of God with in us but simply as the mind of man making moral judgements. This is how Thomas Aquinas classically defined it. Strictly speaking conscience decides in a particular case what is to be done or avoided in the light of a grasp of general moral principles which St. Thomas called Synderesis. Conscience then, is a judgment of the practical reason at work on matters of right and wrong. 5. Indeed, in the popular mind, conscience is often taken to be a synonym for morality itself. The rights of conscience, the duty of conscience, what conscience demands or permits, all these are taken to be summaries of the human moral enterprise. In point of fact, the matter is considerably more complicated than such colloquialisms might lead us to believe. The popular understanding is at least correct is in as much as it insists on a central role for the reality of conscience. Thus, having considered what it means to be a human agent and a human person, and having sought to analyse the moral implications of that agency and that personhood, we now turn to a particular aspect of that human person, conscience. 6. In living the Christian life we have help from the past and the present. We do not face the burden of decision naked and bereft. Never the less, the decision finally must be ours. This might be a daunting prospect if the basis of the Christian life has not justification or acceptance by faith in Christ and not as a reward for a high record of conscientious moral achievement. Indeed it is precisely because the Christian is secure in the knowledge of what Christ has already done for him, that he is able to face unafraid the inevitable uncertainties of moral decisions in the present. To bring to bear moral judgments on the facts of a particular case is known as casuistry. There is much in its history which is dubious and has been questioned, but there is no escape from every Christian being a casuist once he admits that acting from the right motive is not enough; he must also seek to do what is right in the particular circumstances. The training of motive is a matter of ascetic theology; the training of the moral judgment in the situation in the education of conscience. It follows of course that conscience belongs to man as man. It is not the peculiar possession of the Christian. Having the capacity to recognise moral distinctions and apply them in particular cases is part of what we mean by a man. The actual deliverances of conscience and profoundly { and rightly } influenced by time and circumstance, though they are not determined by them. The Christian has the advantage of a more adequate understanding of human life and destiny and deeper grasp of goodness, through Jesus Christ they can be found elsewhere. He has also greater resources through the Holy Spirit in the Church on which to draw. He therefore, has the greater responsibilities. All men, whether they believe it or not, are responsible before God for acting according to their conscience and for educating their conscience according to their circumstances and possibilities. Conclusion: Conscience is what bears witness to and illuminates; conscience judges that inner awareness, evaluating it in an impartial and unbiased way {cf. also Rom. 9:1; 2 Cor 1:12f }. Conscience is not an exterior judge; it is an aspect of the self and thus understood, it can have several different qualities of its own. 5. MacQuarrie, John Dictionary of Christian Ethics, P. 66 6. OConnell, Timothy Principles for a Catholic Morality, P 83 It can be a bad conscience, denying the realities of the moral life. Conscience can function as an infallible guide to action. Paul commands his disciple Timothy to fight the good fight and hold fast to faith and a good conscience. Some men, by rejecting the guidance of conscience, have made shipwreck of their faith { 1 Tim 1: 19 f }. In the final analysis, then, the wisdom and the judgment of the Church are important, but they are not ultimately important. Therefore, the genuinely important role of Church teaching must never be allowed to deteriorate into a a loyalty test for Catholics. Is a Catholic who finds himself or herself able to agree with the judgment of the church a better Catholic than one who cannot? We must say so. For just as to use Church teaching properly is to celebrate it, to ask it to be more than it is to destroy it. To make of that valuable and cherished source of moral wisdom a tool for ecclesiastical discipline or a measure of religious fidelity is to betray it. Indeed, to see the moral teaching of the Church as a test of Catholic loyalty is ultimately to violate the nature of the Church, the nature of humanity and surely the nature of conscience. What do mean by the formation of conscience? The journey of the Christian begins at the moment of conception and ends on death when one is re-united with God and enters a new state of being. Their calling in life is to be the Christian fully alive- repent and believe, the Kingdom of God has come. Moral philosophy is the old fashioned name for ethics while moral theology is the discussion of the principles which govern the behaviour of man/woman. James Fowler described Faith Development in six stages. Stage 1; extends from infancy to approximately age 6. We receive faith from our parents, not by formal teaching but by picking up basic parental attitudes towards God, Christ, prayer, the Church and so on. The childs vision of God is that of a loving parent or threatening personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. which ever the parent projects on to the child. The child is intuitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ picks up the moods etc. from parent adult. Stage 2; generally extends from age 7 to 12. The child receives faith from a parent or parent substitute e.g. siblings, member of extended family or a teacher in school. We pass on stories of Christianity-what we believe and what we do because of what we believe. We pass these beliefs and actions to children in a simple literalform. Children love stories. Stage 3; begins at age 13 and for many extends right through adulthood. The child now receives faith from ones environment or group. The game plan in life is to belong to a group. Now the child wants to get into middle of a group and stay there. They want to be members and do what the group does. There is security in the group-the herd instinct! Stage 4; this is called a transition stageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. when one realises that one is accountable for ones life. One is responsible for ones faith and one realises that hiding in a group is no longer possible. Leaving stage 3 means that we feel a greater need for community. Stage 5 ; is attained at about age 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. we become mature, liberated persons. We can now deal with organisation and individual uniqueness, logic and intuition. The whole world is now open to us. Stage 6 ; the minimal age for attaining this stage is 38. Fowler says that very few of us reach this stage. The person here becomes a God lover, a people lover, a community person, a strong individual, a pioneer, a barrier breaker e.g. St. Paul. When we speak of conscience 1, we are referring to a general since of value, an awareness of personal responsibility, which is utterly characteristic of the human person. To be human is to be accountable. It is to be a being in charge of ones life. This human capacity for self-direction equally implies a human responsibility for good direction. Indeed, so much is this true that we question the humanity of anyone who lacks an awareness of value. We have varying opinions as to what is right or wrong only because we have common realisation that it makes a difference whether a thing is right or wrong. Thus every discussion of moral values, every consideration of moral questions, has on its presupposition the existence of conscience/ 1. The human person has such a conscience, and only because of that fact is the person genuinely and truly human. What can we say of conscience ? We can assert that the word conscience, as it is generally used both in ordinary conversation and in theology, points at one or other of three quite different ideas and for purposes of simplicity, it will be referred to as conscience / 1, conscience / 2. and conscience / 3. The existence of conscience / 1 does not mean that we rest on our laurels. Quite the contrary, conscience / 1 forces individual human beings to search out the objective moral values of their situation. They feel obliged to analyse their behaviour and their world, to seek to discover what is the really good thing and what is not. This search, this exercise of moral reasoning, can also be termed an act of conscience, conscience / 2. My conscience tells me that it is wrong to take that money. Here we understand conscience / 2. conscience / 2 deals with the specific perception of values, concrete individual values. It emerges in the ongoing process of reflection, discussion and analysis in which human beings have always engaged. At the level of conscience / 2, we can differ and disagree. Some may find it right to withhold taxes used to wage war, while others will find it wrong. Some may judge our culture to be morally depraved, while others will consider it an advancement over previous ages. People disagree and that is characteristic of conscience / 2. So when we speak of conscience / 2, we are speaking of a fragile reality. We are speaking of an aspect of humankind that needs all the help it can get. It needs to be educated. Individual persons are not always to see whats there. They need assistance. If they are sincere persons, they will engage in the process known as formation of conscience. For that, indeed is a characteristic of conscience / 2: it needs to be formed. It needs to be guided, directed and illuminated. It needs to be assisted in many ways. Conscience / 2, then, is quite different from conscience / 1. Its not universal, at least in its conclusions and judgments. Conscience / 3 is consummately concrete, for it is the concrete judgment of specific persons pertaining to their own immediate action. But for all that concreteness, the judgment of conscience / 3 remains infallible. That is to say, it constitutes the final norm by which a persons action must be guided. Why is that ?. The answer lies in the unique conjunction of conscience /1 and conscience /2. It was conscience / 2 that led us to analyse and understand our situation in a particular { fallible } way. We also have conscience / 1. That aspect of conscience demands, insists, requires { infallibly } that we seek to do good and avoid evil. Everyone, of course, must ultimately follow his conscience, this means that he must do right as he sees it right { conscience /3 } with desire and effort to find and to do what is right { conscience / 2 }. Fr.Bernard Haring, The Law of Christ 1..151. Conclusion: In a fundamental way, then, the Church finds itself in the same situation as the individual moral person. Just as the individuals conscience / 2 must search for the truth of its situation and, once found, must kneel before that truth, so much the conscience of the Church. We look to that ecclesial conscience with a certain confidence and trust, but we do not ask of it what it cannot give. Throughout the whole exercise of conscience / 2, as we maturely and prudently listen for whatever wisdom we can receive, we never forget that we are looking, not for the approved, not the permitted, but for the good. We and the Church together search for the true values of our situation, and once we find those values we accept them as challenges for our lives. It is that truth, that goodness, that is Supreme; and to that both and moral agent must bow.

William Faulkner, the Ambitious Writer :: Biography Biographies Essays

William Faulkner, the Ambitious Writer From early as the slave days in the southern states, males have shown an ambitious desire not only to make a living for them but also to gain their riches from the hardwork of others. For thousands of years southern males dominated over individuals who they deemed were animals stripping them of all their human rights to provide themselves with a better life. This ambitious desire to provide shelter, food, and clothing for their family and themselves led to the ultimate destruction of another race. While viewing the film â€Å"Faulkner† I saw Faulkner ambitious nature prominently in his career goal. After struggling like many Americans to make a living and support himself Faulkner tries unsuccessfully at first to become a well renowned writer. Although Faulkner dream to become a writer took many years to become finalized he remained determined to succeed. For example, as a beginner writer Faulkner discovered that he lacked a particular writing style that would set his literatur e apart from his other colleagues. So he began studying all types of literature written by other authors to discover his own voice. Another way in which Faulkner tried to discover untapped literary ideas was to observe the everyday actions of others and notice within their interactions with others a story line that could possibly capture the attention of readers. After writing for many years Faulkner tried to seek the publication of his very first novel â€Å"Sanctuary†. The novel â€Å" Sanctuary† proved not to be very interesting to publishers who read the novel since it mainly reflected the ideas and writing styles of prominently famous authors whose works of literature were widely read throughout the world. But Faulkner never gave up as he continued to write and receive rejection letters by publishers. Although rejection seemed to be the fuel that pushed Faulkner to not only give up on his dream but to become more creative and focus on the background information he was familiar with. Shortly after Faulkner did succeed in getting his literature published he reunited with his one and only true love and married her. Upon marrying Faulkner came to the realization that he lacked the financial income to support his family and his desire for his literature to be published increased tenfold. In his efforts to become a more recognized and well-known writer such as Hemmingway Faulkner began to travel to other countries.

Mohandas Gandhi`s Use of Nonviolent Methods to Achieve Independence Ess

The mission of Gandhi’s life was to help the people of India free themselves from British rule. Many people have struggled for independence. They have fought bloody battles or used terrorism in an attempt to achieve their goals. Gandhi’s revolution was different. He succeeded as an independence leader with the use of nonviolent methods. The young Mohandas Gandhi did not seem as a boy that would become a great leader. He changed as he studied in Britain and practiced in South Africa. He fought for the rights of Indians in both South Africa and India. Gandhi believed that all people in the world are brothers and sisters. He didn’t hate the English. Actually, he saw a lot that was good about them. His nonviolent means of revolution was referred to as satyagraha, which is a combination of two Sanskrit words, satya, meaning truth and love, plus agraha, meaning firmness. Many people were influenced by satyagraha. Mohandas Gandhi was born into a Hindu family of the Vaisya caste. This was the third ranking caste in the class structure of Hinduism. This class was for farmers and merchants. The whole system was so complex that in Gandhi’s lifetime it had begun to disintegrate. Gandhi’s father and grandfather were not farmers or merchants. They were prime ministers of the tiny principality of Porbandar in Gujarat. Mohandas was extremely shy. He rushed to and from school, too nervous to talk to any of his classmates. Then a pretty and strong-willed girl was married to him by an arranged marriage at the age of 13. Her name was Kasturbai. A marriage at this age was typical in Hindu custom. He was a strict husband and kept control over actions. Kasturbai disliked this. They didn’t spend more than the first five years of their marriage together, since it was typical for the girl to visit her family. At this point in his life, he was very depressed. He was little and suffered fears that didn’t bother his wife. An athletic and older boy who was Muslim fascinated him. He told Mohandas to eat meat if he wanted to become bigger and stronger. He said the Indians were weak and small people, because they didn’t eat meat, and this is why the British, who did, had the strength to rule over them. This was against his religion, but he tried anyway. He ate the meat in secrecy, but after a few meals he stopped. He didn’t like the taste of meat and fe... ...ndence. He demonstrated the value of love and humanity. He never hated anyone and never wanted to harm his enemy. Gandhi sacrificed his family life and personal possessions for what he thought was right. His mission started when he was insulted and decided to take a stand against it. He didn’t start out as a leader but developed into one throughout his years in South Africa. His goal in India was to gain independence for India. Even after the independence of India he sought to resolve the religious conflicts that existed between the Muslims and the Hindus. He was dedicated to serving people. Gandhi succeeded as an independence leader with the use of nonviolent methods. Satyagraha proved to be a technique that required courage, patience and life. When done properly the results were positive. This figure in world history will never be forgotten, but admired for years to come. Bibliography Nigel, Hunter. Gandhi. New York: The Bookwright Press. 1987 Schlesinger, Arthur. Gandhi. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 1985 Severance, John. Gandhi; Great Soul. New York: Clarion Books. 1997 Sherrow, Victoria. Mohandas Gandhi. Connecticut: Brookfield. 1994

Counterargument and Peaceful Species

IGCSE English as a First Language – The Winchester School, Dubai Ishita Sharma – 11G Argumentative writing: â€Å"Humans are a peaceful species at heart† How far do you agree? Are humans a peaceful species at heart? It’s a difficult task to pick a clear side but many people have many opinions. There are various people who will say yes, humans are a peaceful species at heart but there are equally many people who would say no. After all, it is a broad topic concerning an unpredictable species.One strong argument in support of this statement would be that if we weren’t a peaceful species how would we co-exist in such a large population in places like mega cities. Furthermore, criminals exist in a minority, how can that tip the scales and make us think that we are a violent species. Also, if we were so violent, why would we organize charities for people we don’t even know? Why would donations exist? If we were not cooperative how would generation s of scientists from all over the world discover things such as the atom, medicines etc.The counter-argument to that would be that we could just be cooperating for selfish reasons or from fear of justice. There are many who are against this statement and have just as many points to justify their opinion. The most important point is that if we were so peaceful, why are there such things as wars? A minority of criminals, which is slowly rising, have the ability to kill innocent people, are they not humans too? Why is it that weapons such as guns which were invented to protect the innocent, are now being used to kill them? Terrorism and racism, in other words hatred, have consumed many defenceless beings.It is in human nature in fact, to be aggressive. In our history, there have been massive blood baths for selfish reasons such as a quest for power and even natural resources. We are the reason that the Earth may suffer another Ice Age as we are destroying it on a daily basis. Could it not be that it is a fear of being reprimanded that makes us behave like civil people? After all, just 3000 years or so ago, we were barbarians who fought over land and food, and it seems we continue to do so. In conclusion, after weighing up the arguments, I feel that I am against this statement. Humans are not peaceful as it is not even in our nature to be so.We are the cause of many epidemics and in the end we are the ones who destroy each other and everything around us whether it is for selfish purposes or justice. After all, there is no justification for violence, destruction and of course, selfishness. Comment: Introductory paragraph. Explains the fact that this is a complex topics towards which people have differing opinions. Comment: Reason 1. Argument for Comment: Good example of connective adverb to develop reason 1. Comment: Reason 2 Comment: Bridge sentence, indicating that she is now moving on to the reasons against the topic Comment: Argument sections. Reasons for.Comme nt: Use of rhetorical questions to bring the reader over to her viewpoint. Comment: Counter argument section. Reasons against. Comment: Conclusion section of the essay. She states her opinion and reiterated the main reason why she doesn’t believe humans are a peaceful species at heart. Overall, this essay scores an A grade. Ishita has followed the structure we discussed in class: clear introduction, followed by argument, counterargument and a conclusion. She has points for and against the topic indicating that she has considered both sides of the argument and is aware of what the proponents and opponents of the statement believe.She has used a few rhetorical questions for emphasis – always a good strategy. Her conclusion was sound: she states her opinion after presenting us with her main reason why she believes humans aren’t a peaceful species at heart. Her sentences are grammatically correct and she makes her points succinctly with a confident economy of words. She could score a higher grade if she focused a little more on elaborating her points for/against. Using a more varied vocabulary would add an extra dimension to her writing and drive home her points all the more effectively. – Mr. Roberts

John Wesley’s Thoughts on Slavery Essay

Introduction John Wesley was an ordained minister of the Anglican Church in England in the eighteenth century. He is considered as the founder of the Methodist movement. The Methodist movement started out at Oxford University where John Wesley, his brother Charles and other like-minded individuals began gathering together for prayer and for religious purposes through what they called the â€Å"Holy Club†. They practiced discipline in observing the sacraments of the church; they conducted regular outreach programs designed for the elderly, the prisoners, the sick and other disenfranchised members of the society (Pollock, 1989). Although the Methodist movement floundered in England during the time spent by John Wesley in Georgia in America, it gained new strength upon his return in the 1740s. Because of his new found fervor upon hearing Martin Luther’s preface to the Book of Romans, he began his itinerant preaching and traveled extensively throughout England preaching about the Christian faith (Pollock, 1989). John Wesley and Slavery John Wesley was opposed to debauchery and the drinking of wine. In addition, his sermons and his writings were also opposed to slavery. When Wesley was in the British colony of Georgia, he saw the way that masters treat their slaves as well as the way in which these slaves were sold as cattle. In 1774, John Wesley published one of his reflections entitled Thoughts on Slavery. On this pamphlet, he expounded on the slave trade—how the slaves were taken from their native lands and transported to the New World to provide important workforce for the plantations. He condemned slavery as an act which cannot be reconciled with Justice and Mercy (Brycchan Carey, 2002). In the said pamphlet, John Wesley appealed to both slave-traders and slave owners to stop the practice and he closed with a written prayer for their soul. In this address to the slave-traders, Wesley’s accusations and dispensations were impassioned and unrelenting. He lamented the lack of compassion in the slave traders because of the way that they treat the slaves (Brycchan Carey, 2002). Wesley’s opposition to slavery even led him to commit his support to the Abolitionist movement. The abolitionist movement grew in power and magnitude towards the end of the 1780s. At this time, John Wesley risked his personal safety by preaching on the matter of slavery and condemning such practice in Bristol, which was then a trading port for slaves. During this sermon, there was uproar among the people, which Wesley described in supernatural terms as the way that Satan fights for his kingdom. This uproar, however, could have been caused by the slave-traders whose operations were just around the area where John Wesley was preaching (Brycchan Carey, 2002). Conclusion Until the end of his life, John Wesley fervently condemned and opposed slavery. The pamphlet he wrote about his Thoughts on Slavery was published once more before he died. His anti-slavery stance was carried on by the followers of the movement he founded—Methodism. As the Methodists continue to gain strength and following all throughout England, and later in the United States, Wesley’s thoughts on slavery became even more popular and added momentum to the move to abolish slavery. Reference Brycchan Carey (2002). John Wesley: Biography. Retrieved 17 Sept 2007 from http://www. brycchancarey. com/abolition/wesley. htm. Pollock, J. (1989). Wesley the Preacher. London: Lion.

Literary Analysis Outline

1. Which question will you be addressing? Write it here:â€Å"Some novels and plays seem to advocate changes in social or political attitudes or in traditions. Which particular attitudes or traditions does Orwell wish to modify? Analyze the techniques the author uses to influence the reader’s or audience’s views. Avoid plot summaries.†2. Write the question in your own words. This is a chance for you to â€Å"unpack† your essay question. Is there a particular angle that you will be pursuing? Do you need to define any key terms? Think of this as explaining the question to someone who is not as well-versed in literary analysis as you are.In 1984, what social or political traditional is modified? Analyze the techniques that are used to influence the reader’s views.I. Thesis Statement:Orwell modifies the social and political traditions of today’s society in order to persuade the reader using strong imagery and word choice, setting, and lack of ind ividualism.II. Your first point:The abundance of strong imagery and word choice throughout this book paints clear visions in the reader’s mind, influencing the reader to have a changed view on social and political traditions.A. Example #1â€Å"Never show dismay! Never show resentment! A single flicker of the eyes could give you away.† Page 36.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis gives the image in the reader’s mind that even the slightest look in one’s eyes or face could give away a person, and it give the imagery that all the party members must be blank faced, or having hatred towards Goldstein, at all times.B. Example #2â€Å"A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture†¦Ã¢â‚¬  page 141. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote This strong word choice in this quote paints the image in the reader’s mind of how the government is filing the party members with hate and violence.C. Example #3â€Å"The party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that event- it never happened- that, surely, was more terrifying than mere torture and death.† Page 34.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis paints a picture in the reader’s mind of how the inner party could use people as a puppet in order to control the rest of the citizens.III. Your second point:Orwell’s use of setting helps persuade the reader to change their views on social traditions.A. Example #1â€Å"But in the future there will be no wives and no friends. Children will be taken from their mothers at birth, as one takes eggs from a hen. The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish the orgasm. Our neurologists are mat work upon it now. There will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother.† page 267.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis sets the stage for a very dark, sterile, and emotionless life. It is appalling to the reader, and it sets the reader off of the idea.B. Example #2 â€Å"Don't you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten.† (1.5.23, Syme)1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis shows that the government is attempting to set the stage and mind of all the people in the CONTROLS SOCIETY AND PEOPLE’S VIEWS/ATTITUDES IN THE BOOKC. Example #3â€Å"There were times when his nerves so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating began, when the mere sight of a first drawn back for a blow was enough t o make hum pour forth a confession of real or imaginary crimes.† Page 2911. Briefly describe what you will say about your quoteThis sets the scene of violence and fear, and what more, it is the government system that is putting this fear and violence into the citizens when they disagree with them.IV. Your third point:The lack of individualism effectively influences the reader to change their mind about social and political traditions.A. Example #1 The Inner Party members wear black overalls, the Outer Party wears blue overalls, and Proles wear regular clothing.1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote This constricts and conforms the party members, not letting them express any individualism to their appearance.B. Example #2 The thought police1. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote The thought police are there to point out anyone that is thinking against the government, and they then have them vaporized. If anyone thinks or even dreams about being an individual, away from the party, the government subjects them to torture in order to brain wash them to be like everyone else.C. Example #3 â€Å"Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it; moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard.’’ Page 91. Briefly describe what you will say about your quote Winston, even in his own room, is never allowed the privacy to say/do what he feels or wants to. There are always people monitoring everything that the party members say/do.V. What will be the â€Å"knockout punch† that you include in your conclusion? 1984 is a warning for the future, a warning for what a totalitarian government could really mean. (but more eloquent†¦)