Language - 1186 Words

Assignment 2: Figurative Language versus Literal Language The lack of exposure to non literal forms of language makes it difficult to engage in productive thinking. Having the capacity to understand figurative language increases our ability to communicate with each other. By increasing our word bank we expand our knowledge base and increase our thinking capacity. Below are a list of ten words with their meaning, definitions, examples and appropriate circumstances in which to use them. 1. Describe the meaning and function of each term. 1. Idiom is a language, dialect or speaking style peculiar to a people. 2. Analogy is a similarity between two like subjects on which a comparison can be based. 3. Metaphor is a figure of speech in†¦show more content†¦A good example is from Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud: A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. He doesn’t say â€Å"many† or â€Å"a lot of† daffodils, he uses the word â€Å"host.† That means a huge number of daffodils. Later, he personifies the daffodils, and personification will be covered later on. Another example is from â€Å"The Eagle† by Tennyson, â€Å"He clasps the crag with crooked hands. The hard consonant sounds add even more to the imagery here. Simile A simile compares two things using the words â€Å"like† and â€Å"as.† Examples include: * busy as a bee * clean as a whistle * brave as a lion * stand out like a sore thumb * as easy as shooting fish in a barrel * as dry as a bone * as funny as a barrel of monkeys * they fought like cats and dogs * like watching grass grow Metaphor When you use a metaphor, you make a statement that doesn’t make sense literally, like â€Å"time is a thief.† It only makes sense when the similarities between the two things become apparent or someone understands the connection. Examples include: * the world is my oyster * you are a couch potato * time is money * he has a heart of stone * America is a melting pot * you are my sunshine Alliteration Alliteration is the easiest of the examples of figurative language to spot. It is a repetition of the first consonant sounds in several words. Some good examplesShow MoreRelatedLanguage And The Language Of Language1117 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage wields immense power over humanity. It is used to ignite war, to enforce peace, to remember the past, to dream of the future, and to connect with others. People from all over the world travel great distances with their words. The art of language bridges cultures and borders to bring ideas and messages near and far. However language is not alone in our difference from the animal kingdom. Creativity has pushed us from a survivor’s existence into a time of excess and an enjoyment of life. TheRead MoreThe Language Of Language And Language853 Words   |  4 PagesDurell is surrounded by different language ideologies that show us what concepts of language he was exposed to and the impact he had on him. At home, school, and the community , people embrace the concept that any language, learn to any degree, used in anyway is good proper language. We see this in his teacher emphasizing learning language makes children a better learner because gain the benefits of new ways of thinking. There is the mom who says all and any language will help her son get a better jobRead MoreLanguage, Language And Language1188 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage, comprising as it does of groups and blends of words, is the prime method for correspondence between individuals. Obviously, language is by all account not the only method for correspondence, yet it is the centrepiece of correspondence in human culture. Language is understood by people in terms of their own social and cultural backgrounds. From when we are born, we learn and follow in speaking socially by imitating others around us (Gee Hayes, 2011). In other words, we learn from othersRead MoreFigurative Language And The Language1305 Words   |  6 Pagesone of which is figurative language. It is a person’s way to saturate the mind with profound thoughts centered around its meaning. It has an interesting background, covers a wide array of literary devices, is applied within different types of writing, and people employ these devices within their daily language. Figurative language is a constructive way to communicate ideas using expressions, unlike its opposite idea which is literal interpretations. â€Å"Figurative language, in comparison, uses exaggerationsRead MoreLanguage : Language And Language841 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage in society is constantly being spoken in several different ways—whether that consists of speaking in different languages, or communicating differently when speaking and writing. Furthermore, language is often described as words used to communicate amongst others around you. As you become older, you quickly realize that language comes with much more than words. Many languages; if not all, have several different dialects—some to the point where the words can’t be recognized whatsoever. ConsequentlyRead MoreLanguage And The Human Language1235 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage in its base form can be seen as the use of sounds (and at times signs or symbols) with the desire to communicate or expres s oneself. We can dig deeper however and language is also defined as the use of a socially shared code that represents whole concepts by using symbols as well as combinations of those symbols or in layman’s terms, grammar. Today, scientists argue as to whether or not animals truly have language. In my opinion animals do not have language but rather they have a communicationRead MoreLanguage Between Language And Language1680 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage arose out of a need to communicate ideas and commands. Initially it was very basic, but in its current form language is very complex. It a adapted to the changing need of speakers. In this sense, language is a living entity which evolves in response to the changing cultural context in which it exists. Because language evolves in response to culture, the full quality of its meaning is derived from understanding the context in which it takes place. Educators must be aware of the socioculturalRead MoreLanguage, Language And Lang uage Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: Language is what sets the human race apart from every other animal species on earth. It is comprised of not only spoken words, but also written text and symbols, braille, body language and sign language. The ability to communicate with each other via language allows humans to share a common means of expressing and understanding their own thoughts and emotions as well as those of others, whilst also facilitating learning, teaching and collaboration opportunities. Language is a set of socialRead MoreLanguage : Language And Language991 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage Oh Language â€Å"The history of HCE has inspiring accounts of resourcefulness, intellect, and competence that both reflect and sustain local Hawaii culture.† (Kanae, np) There is no other place in this world like Hawaii. There is a mixture of nationalities and languages that have made our islands the unique and special place it is. One of the most important components in a culture is language. Language is used to communicate daily among multiple ethnic groups. In HawaiiRead MoreNative Language And Indigenous Language1160 Words   |  5 Pages Language is one of many components that identify a group of people to their culture. Unfortunately, there are quite a few obstacles that challenge indigenous people learning their native language. The loss of a language distances groups farther from their native roots, which is exactly opposite of the efforts being made in Canada. Learning and practicing an indigenous language fulfills one’s role as an engaged citizen and allows for engagement within a culture. The McGill Tribune published Jenny

Carpet Capital Culture Clash - 1153 Words

Carpet Capital Culture Clash Issues The primary subject matter of this case concerns the issues faced in an U.S. company with a large percentage of immigrant Latino workers and the resulting interaction with their original Anglo workforce. There are numerous cultural misunderstandings in this case study between Anglo and Latino workforce. The Human Resource Department is unclear how to address the issues facing in the company. The restroom One of the cultural challenges that company is facing is soiled toilet paper scattered or piled all over the plant’s bathroom floors. In Mexico and other Latin American countries, the sewer or wastes pipes leading from the building are usually small in diameter compared with U.S. standards. In†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Mexican workers tend to be very dedicated to their jobs. Mexicans do not hesitate to go for the extra miles to work longer hours to make additional money to support their family. One major cultural clash between Anglo Americans and Mexicans are concept of timeliness. Punctuality is not big concern for Mexicans. American culture featured promptness and timeliness; the Mexican culture could care less. Mexicans believe their supervisors know everything and should always show respect to authority and not ever questioning their supervisors and elderly ever. It is considered disrespectful to question supervisors and elderly. Therefore, in this case stud y, it is possible that Jose Alvarado could be a younger Latino manager. So, that could explain why he is having trouble and difficulty to supervise his Latino workers. Also, keeping a harmony relationship with their own fellows are also very important to them. Therefore, it will be a challenge task for Alvarado to criticize his fellow Latino workers. This could possibly be the reason why Alvarado is dissatisfied with his new title. In the workplace, the cultural differences in terms of personal sensitivity are the source of many, if not most, of the conflicts between Mexicans and Americans. Americans, for the most part, are individualistic, competitive, and comfortable working on their own. Americans think highly of personal initiative and are self-starters. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe Empire Of The Ottoman Empire3539 Words   |  15 PagesArab ways of life blended. It resulted in a flowering of Islamic culture that raised higher in the 16th centuries. The empires ruled through Islami c Sariah’s. They based the authority on Islam. Their basement of power were strong armies, advanced technology and legal administrative officers. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire The ottomans established a vast empire that lasted for a long time, more than 600 years and blended many cultures in one. 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Most of her career had been spent in operational roles with decidedly low-tech companies, the most notable of which was an automobile manufacturer. But more than her age or experience, Kathryn just didn’t seem to ï ¬ t the DecisionTech culture. She had started her career in the military, then married a teacher and basketball coach at a local high school. After raising three boys, she taught seventh grade for a few years until she discovered her afï ¬ nity for business. At the age of thirty-seven

Ethics in Multinational Business Operations in India

Question: Write an essay on "Comparative Issues in International Management". Answer: 1. Introduction: The concept of the business ethics associated decisions all aspects of the business operations of the business organizations. The ethical considerations of the business operations help the business organizations to conduct the business in a smoother way. The scope of ethical issues in the multinational business is very high. The positive ethical considerations are necessary for the proper practice of the business operations in different countries. The ethical practices can boost the brand image of the business organizations. In the multinational business operations, the companies may face high level of market competition regarding the services of the business. In order to get the sustainable competitive advantages, the multinational companies need to build a high brand image by conducting the business operations by maintaining the ethical considerations (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2016). The business organizations used to face the ethical issues regarding the different culture of the differ ent countries in which they are operating. The political environments of the operating countries are also a big factor behind the ethical issues of the multinational business organizations. The governmental role and decisions regarding the business operations and national legislations have a major influence over the ethical considerations in the business of the MNCs. In order to maintain the ethical considerations in the business operations, the MNCs must have to know the different factors influencing the ethical issues (Weiss, 2014). The ethical issues and the reasons behind the issues have to be analyzed properly to understand by the MNCs operating in different countries. In this report, the ethical issues regarding the multinational business operations in Indian market has been analyzed. Different types of issues faced in the business operations of the MNCs have been analyzed in this report. Then the basic models of the business ethics have been discussed. The features of practicing the ethical considerations in the multinational business operations in the Indian market have been also analyzed. Finally the relationships between the social responsibility and ethical considerations have been analyzed and some recommendations are given after summarizing the findings of the reports. 2. Main Part: Social challenges faced by the multinational companies: The main challenges faced by the multinational companies in different countries are associated with the local culture of the company. Initially the understanding of the local culture of the operating countries is a great challenge to the MNCs, but it is vital to the MNCs for practicing the business operations by the proper maintenance of the ethical considerations. Every business n the organization has its own culture which affects the working style of the employees and the business operations in the local and global market. In order to main the ethical considerations regarding the culture, high level of understanding and following of the local culture is required (Rossouw Van Vuuren, 2013). Corporate Social Responsibility is associated with the commitment and well-being of the community through the business operations. At present, the business organizations are competing for developing the good brand image by the CSR activities. The basic concepts behind the practices of the CSR activities are the ethical consideration of the business operations. According to Shaw (2016), the CSR activities are ethical considerations of the company and the business organizations must have to think about the well-beings of the people who are getting affected by their business operations. The economic, social, environmental and human rights all are the parts of the ethical considerations regarding these responsibilities. MNCs should always endorse a non-discriminatory policy regarding the employment. Apart from the payments, the employees of a business organization should get all the required benefit from the employer organizations. In this context, the multinational companies used to face serious issues as the requirements and the employee welfare concepts varies from the home country of the organizations to the operating country. The health and safety policies for the employees are different in different countries. The multinational companies are facing the problems regarding the different health and safety polices in different countries (Hoffman Frederick Schwartz, 2014). The multinational companies are required to maintain the government taxation laws and should pay the right amount of tax to the government of the operating country. It has been found that maximum ethical issues found in the business operations of the multinational companies are in the area of the taxation laws. Basic models of the business ethics: In order to maintain the ethical considerations of the business operations, there are some models of the business ethics. The main concept behind the business ethics the thought Honesty is the best policy. The children are taught this though in the schools and in the family. The ethical considerations of the business are about conducting the business operations with honesty (Buchholtz Carroll, 2012). There are some global guidelines for the ethical behavior of the business operations are known as model of business ethics: Codes of conduct: Developing written code of conducts forces the business organizations towards the honesty in the business operations. Codes of conducts include the general instructions to the business organizations and mission statement for expressing the core values of the business and the real life ethical issues against each of the specific business activities. The codes of conduct help the business organizations to take proper decision regarding the maintenance of the business ethics (Chell et al., 2014). The issues covered in this model are the behavior with the outside public, the supervisors, the co-workers and subordinates. Employee Handbook: Maximum business organizations provide a comprehensive handbook to their employees regarding the ethical policies in their business. The specific expectations regarding the behavior of the employees are written in the handbook. The non-disclosures, compensation rules, work schedule, safety, employee benefits, companys property and leave policies are written in the handbooks. The conditions for conflicts of interest and breaching of the confidentiality of the written codes are also written in the handbooks (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Professional Codes: The professional codes are use fro assisting the professionals for working in their workplaces. Many of the business organizations work by self regulated rules. In these organizations, the management of the organization is responsible for deciding whether a person is fit for the organizations or not. In this type of case, the professional codes should be universal throughout all the workplaces of the organization. The organizations are not supposed to use different types of rules for different people (Jennings, 2014). Government Codes: Every government has its unique rules regarding the business ethics and the professional behavior of the employees of the business organizations. The code of ethics by the individual government of the country in which the business organizations is working has to be maintained (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). The codes are associated with the HRM policies, external business operations like import and export of materials, taxations and the use of government property. Plus decision-making model: This model was developed by the Ethics resource Center in the year if 1924 regarding the ethical standards of the public and private organizations. The model has an ethical guideline which defines six steps for the ethical decision making. The steps are: defining the problem, identifying the alternatives, evaluations of the alternatives, make the decision, implement the decision and evaluate the decision. In the section of the alternative identification, all the alternatives should be justified with the current legislations and ethical principles of the country in which the business organizations are operations their business. The evaluations of the alternatives should also be done by considering the right and wrong regarding the ethical principles and the decision makers on sense (Koslowski, 2013). The selection of one of the alternative should ensure that the optimum ethical considerations should get from the alternatives. In the last phase of the decisi on making model, the decision makers should determine whether the selected option is able to resolve the problem by maintaining all the ethical considerations of the business activities of the organization. Features of the business ethics in Indian market: The features of the business ethics in the Indian market are as follows: Ethical values: Business ethics are associated with the morality of the business operations in todays world. The private and public business organizations have the responsibility of taking care of the well beings of the society. Business organizations affect the society by their products or services. Therefore, it is needed that the business organizations conduct their activities by self control, self scarifies and should keep the interest regarding the community at large significant value of ethics (Stanwick Stanwick, 2013). Relative term: Ethics is actually a relative term in the area of morality and immorality. It differs depending on the perspectives of the individuals as the concept of moral and immoral activities depends on the individual thinking of the persons (Berger Herstein, 2014). Interest of society: Business morals infers that business ought to first do great to the general public and after that to itself. Business is a vital foundation and has a social obligation to ensure the enthusiasm of every one of those gatherings who are specifically or in a roundabout way identified with the association like workers, shareholders and shoppers and so on to add to the achievement of business (Ramesh Goel, 2014). Business social relationship: Business morals set the terms and principles to comprehend the societal relationship of business. It demonstrates what society anticipates from business and what it supposes about the business (Abend, 2014). Framework: The government framework regarding the ethical considerations of the business operations should be maintained by the business organizations. Business organizations should be limited the activities under the social, cultural and legal aspects of India (Poruthiyil, 2013). Facilities protection of social groups: Business ethics are concerned with facilities of the consumers, shareholders and the social groups associated with the business operations. The priority should be given to the area of overall interest of social good. This approach helps the business organizations to develop a good brand value and expansion in the target market (Reynolds, 2015). Not in opposition to profit making: The business ethics are not against the profit of the business, it is actually against the profit making by cheating any one. It straightly says that the business organizations should make profit by right value to the consumers and other stakeholders of the business operations. The employees should not be exploited and the consumers or any investors should not be cheated by the business organizations for making more profit from the business operations (Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera, 2013). Willful acceptance: Business ethics cannot be imposed on any organizations by any fixed rules or polices. The ethics should be realized by the management of the business organizations and should be accepted by the self realization. Ethics in advertising: India is a culture focused country and has some ethical considerations regarding the content of the advertisements. The advertisements should be passed by the censor board before displaying publicly. The general ethical principle of providing advertising is to display the proper information regarding the products or services if the business organizations. This is not ethical if a business organization shows any false information for attracting the customers towards their products or services (Kolk, 2016). Ethical challenges faced by the multinational companies in the Indian market: India is a developing country, but represents an interesting case of understanding the business ethics regarding the modern business. The country is the land of many great souls like Ramakrishna, Chankya, Buddha and many other spiritual gurus. The ethical principle of the country regarding the business operations are influenced by the Indian history and culture. Currently the country is playing the leading role in the global business community. Ethical responsibilities of the business operations are the activities which are not expected form the business organizations or prohibited by the members of the society or management board. However, the ethical principles are not codified into laws (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). Many of the multinational companies have faced some ethical issues in the business operations in India. General Motors violated the testing norms in the year of 2013. The cars have to pass the emission test by the Indian government before launching in the market. In that year, the company sent their already approved engines of their existing car models in the new model of Tavera (Mathew, 2015). The Indian government investigated the new car models later and the engine fails to meet the government specifications regarding the emission level. The company accepted the ethical violation and announced the recall of 1.14 lack Chevrolet Taveras in that year (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). Another incident of violating the ethical principles of the business operations is the example of Coca-Cola. The company faced issues regarding the environmental violation regarding the water. The company opened production house in Rajasthan where people are suffering from water problem. Already there was lack of water and the company was using the water for the production of soft drinks. Apart from use the water, the wastes of the company was polluting the air and water of the locality. The company had the valid license of conducting the production in the area. For this reason, the government was unable to take any step against the company. However the local people and societies raised voices against the company. In order to resolve the issue, the company developed two huge artificial water bodies of fresh water (Coca-cola.com, 2016). This was a good CSR activity which helped the organization to develop a good brand image. They have also improved the waste management system for ensu ring the less harm to the environment of the locality. Social responsibilities to deal with the ethical issues: Man is a social creature and can't live in separation. He is relied upon to carry on in a way that is socially and ethically worthy to others. The same applies to organizations. In spite of the fact that the essential target of any business is to gain most extreme benefits for the proprietors and shareholders, it is additionally anticipated that would direct its operations in a way that it satisfies its social commitments too. For instance, however it is not official on any private division organization to give occupation to the debilitated or weaker areas of the general public, it is thought to be a part of the social obligation of the organization to ingest individuals from such segments of the general public (Stanwick Stanwick, 2013). So also however there is not composed law to constrain an organization to participate in acts to accomplish something to decrease contamination or to help out the improvement of environment, taking up activities to tidy up environment are thought to be a part of the social obligation of the organization. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept of the organizations of taking proper responsibilities of their customers, shareholders, employees, society and environment. These activities help the business organizations for conducting all types of business operations in the right way by maintaining all the legislations and ethics. Ethics are the basic building block for society and organizations and the social responsibilities are the specific activities of the organizations for the maintenance of the ethical considerations (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). 3. Conclusion: After analyzing the different factors of the business ethics in the area of the multinational business operations, it can be concluded that the business organizations should conduct the business activities by maintaining the ethical principles of the business operations. The government legislations and taxation laws are significant for conducting the multinational business operations in different countries. In order to maintain the ethical considerations of the business operations, the business environment of the target country should be analyzed properly. Some examples of the ethical issues faced by the multinational companies in the Indian market have been discussed in this report and these can be used for providing recommendations to other MNCs to eliminate these kinds of issues in future. Recommendations: Understanding the Indian culture and history: The multinational companies have to understand the value of Indian culture and the history. The ethical consideration regarding the cultural history of the country state that the business operations should ensure the overall benefits of the stakeholders of the business. The HRM activities of the business operations should be developed by considering the culture and festivals of the country. Indian history is associated with many great people who are the spiritual gurus which are indicating that any type of fraudulent is not allowed in the country. By marinating this ethical considerations the business organizations should focus on the overall benefits of all the stakeholders from the business operations. Holistic engagement with the employees: The organizations should develop a good relationship with the employees and focus on the area of overall well-beings of the employees. The health and safety act of the Indian government should be maintained by the business organizations. Improvisation and adaptability: The product development strategy and other business operations need to be improved to resolve the ethical issues of the business operations. If any issue found in the area of the ethical consideration, the business organizations should take immediate action for resolving the issue. Sometimes the adaptations of new technologies help the business organizations to improve their waste management system for marinating the ethical considerations of the business operations. Environmental development: At present, the environmental development is the most vital activity of the ethical considerations. The business organizations should ensure that their business operations are conducting by the minimum harm to the environment. References: Abend, G. (2014).The moral background: an inquiry into the history of business ethics. Princeton University Press. Berger, R., Herstein, R. (2014). The evolution of business ethics in India.International Journal of Social Economics,41(11), 1073-1086. Buchholtz, A. K., Carroll, A. B. (2012).Business society: Ethics stakeholder management. South-Western Cengage Learning. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2014). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-7. Coca-cola.com,. (2016).Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products.Coca-cola.com. Retrieved7 June 2016, DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2016).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Gm.com,. (2016).General Motors | Official Global Site | GM.com.Gm.com. Retrieved7 June 2016, Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons.

National Music Studio. SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis gives an internal assessment of an organization by exploring its weakness, strengths, opportunities, and threats resulting from outside environment. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to present an explicit review of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the business environment of National Music Studio.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on National Music Studio. SWOT Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strengths The main strength of National Music Studio is presence of a well established marketing network. As a result, the school is able to reduce cost of advertisement since it depends on referrals from the experienced pool of staff to widen its catchment. National Music Studio has adopted a state-of-art teaching system to carry out its operations and services with clients and visiting persons. Through the use qualified teachers with good personality, the school has been able to increase confidence levels of its clients. The school operates two branches in Halifax-Dartmouth area. This gives the school an upper hand in controlling operations and offering balanced services. Besides, the school has strong reputation and favorable network of teachers who double up as its marketers. Due to its strong brand name, the school is well positioned to further its goal of establishing a new branch within Halifax-Dartmouth area, especially in the Central Business District. Weaknesses Numerous views by the respondents of the survey indicate that the school has minimal amenities such as parking spaces and shopping outlets. This has a substantial chance of minimizing the number of students who can be admitted there. A major challenge that the school faces is managing a large network of students with different needs. Reflectively, coordination is required among its teachers, marketers and administrators to manage these needs. Apparently, coordination is stil l below the required standard for a school of this magnitude. Moreover, the survey presents a serious challenge on marketing since many potential students cannot remember its name in the unguided interview results. As a matter of fact, this aspect may require a lot of resources to carry out campaigns in the highly structured neighborhood that doubles up as its main catchment area. As indicated in the survey, the poor location of one of its constituent branches is a challenge in running the school. Threats Halifax-Dartmouth has large multi-faceted music education schools serving over 10,000 students. This means that competition is very stiff as indicated in the survey. The number of competitors offering same services as National Music Studio is twelve. Despite its extensive catchment area, this is a real threat towards survival of this school. Besides, the survey indicates that there is an apparent shift in tastes and preferences of student as emerging collages seem to offer cheaper music education than National Music Store.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities Advancement in technology and information gives National Music Studio an opportunity to embrace latest teaching skills in offering customized courses to its students. When implemented, this would help the school to offer cheap and innovative alternatives to teaching and learning music. Besides increasing effectiveness of its educational obligations, the school may double up as a music equipment selling store to ensure that it meets all the needs of its students. Due to its large catchment area, there is an unfulfilled education needs for the many students who would wish to join a music school after graduating from high school. Besides, the existence of music instrument store within its premises is a great opportunity for uniformity in its operations since students will have an opportuni ty to purchase and hire instruments within the proximity of their learning environment. This report on National Music Studio. SWOT Analysis was written and submitted by user Galilea B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Illegal Anabolic Steroids essays

Illegal Anabolic Steroids essays Illegal anabolic steroids are drugs made from the male sex hormone, testosterone. They promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass. Anabolic steroids have many approved medicinal uses, but many teenagers who use them to improve their athletic performance and physical appearance also abuse them. While the outside appearance may look good, what many teenagers do not know is that steroids can cause permanent damage to the human body. This paper will go over naturally produced steroids, synthetically produced anabolic steroids and review both the negative physical and psychological effects of anabolic steroids on teenagers. Steroids are a class of hormones synthesized from cholesterol. All steroids share the same basic four-ring carbon structure, but are different in the number of carbon atoms attached to the number 17 carbon atom in the structure, and in the number in which hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and the hydroxyl (OH) groups are attached to the carbon atoms. A steroid, known as corticosteroid, is an anti-inflammatory and breaks tissue down. This is different from the steroid known as anabolic. Anabolic steroids usually refer to synthetically produced steroids, which are derivatives of testosterone. Natural testosterone is the primary sex hormone found in men. The adrenal glands are the main source for testosterone in women, where testosterone is produced in much smaller amounts. Testosterone has both anabolic (tissue building) and androgenic (masculinizing) traits. The anabolic effects are mainly muscle growth. The androgenic effects are the development of secondary male sex characteristics. Steroids can be administered to the body orally or injected into the body by a syringe. Steroids taken orally moves through the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, where they are processed before going into the blood. Steroids that are injected into the body enter directly into the bloodstream. Steroid molecules b...

Do You Need SAT Scores to Transfer Colleges

Do You Need SAT Scores to Transfer Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Determining all the different requirements for transferringcolleges can be a huge hassle. One of the most common questions students have is whether theyneed to submit SAT scores to apply as transfer students. There’s no single answer to this question, but this guide will explain some common policies about SAT scores for transfer applicants, how to determine whether you need to submit SAT scores, and how much attention schools pay to these scores when they also have your grades from another college. Do You Need to Submit SAT Scores as a Transfer Applicant? As I touched on above, the answer to this question really depends on the school you’re applying to. Some schools don’t require SAT scores for any transfer students, some only want standardized test results from students who haven’t completed a minimum number of credits, and some ask for test scores from all applicants. In general,very selective schools and small liberal arts colleges are more likely to require test scores, while bigger state universities are more likely to waive the requirement.Also, if you’ve been out of high school for more than five years or if taking the SAT represents an undue financial burden, most schools will waive any SAT requirements. The following chart details the transfer applicant test score requirements for a range of schools to give you a sense of the type of policies you might encounter. Schools are listed alphabetically and all credits are in semesters. School Requires SAT? Exceptions / Notes CU Boulder Yes Exempt if you've completed at least 24 college credit hours Dartmouth Yes May submit testing waiver if taking the SAT/ACT will pose a hardship for you Georgetown Yes Exempt if you graduated high school at least five years before you intend to matriculate Harvard Yes None Middlebury Yes Must send original high school scores University of California No - University of Illinois Yes Exempt if you've completed 30 college semester hours (but test scores are still recommended for under 59 graded credit hours) University of Washington Yes Exempt if you have 40 or more transferable credits USC Yes Exempt if you've completed at least 30 semester units of college coursework UT Austin No - Obviously, this chart is far from comprehensive. Since, as you can see, testing policies vary quite a bit, you’ll need to find outwhethertheschools you’re applying to require transfer applicants to submit SAT scores. Start by checking the section of the school's website for transfer applicants. Some schools have a specific page about standardized test scores.If you can't find anything on these pages, look at the application checklist or FAQ pages. If you’re really struggling to find any information on test scores for transfer applicants, search on Google for "[School Name] transfer SAT scores." You might have to try a couple of the links, but usually this approach will eventually get you to the page you need. If you’re transferring from a community college, keep in mind that your current school might have a guaranteed admission agreement with the state university.These programs often don’t require test scores from transfer applicants (but sometimes do). Finally, you can always call or email the admissions office at the school if you have questions. After all, they’re there to help! How Important Are SATScores as a Transfer Student? Most colleges weight SAT scores less heavily for transfer applicants than they do for freshmen since transfer students already have proof of their ability to succeed in college: their transcript. "If a student is transferring after one semester in college or a year, schools usually want the SAT and high school GPA, but the further away from high school, the less schools rely on them," college counselor Deborah Shames told US News(bold emphasis mine). There are definitely some exceptions, however. Very selective schools tend to care more about test scores than less selective colleges do. You’re also likely to be judged more on your SAT scores if your grades aren’t that impressive. If you're concerned about your SAT scores, see whether the school you're interested in offers atransfer student profile. This will listthe middle 50% range of ACTand SATscores for transfer students. (As an example, check outGeorgetown's.) If yourscoreis toward the high end of that range (or above), you're set. If you're in the lower end (or below), you might want to consider putting in some focused prep time and retaking the SAT. What's Next? If you have more questions about transferringcolleges,read our complete guide to the transfer process. Thinking about transferring but not sure what school you want to go to? Use these college search sitesto findthe school that's right for you. Or maybe you need help with another part of your college application, such aswriting about your extracurricularsor asking for recommendation lettersfrom teachers. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Obesity is seen more in Americans than other cultures Essay

Obesity is seen more in Americans than other cultures - Essay Example Because of this, people opt for eating meat. Raw meat is too expensive in America for most people with average monthly income to afford. Its price is too high, so it usually remains beyond the approach of most Americans. On the contrary, fast food is something that complies with the standards of the modernistic life style. Not only is it fairly easily affordable for most Americans, but also it feels extremely nice to the taste and tempting to the touch and the sight. Fast food culture has readily grown in America in the recent years. In addition to the fact that healthy food is expensive in America, Americans generally remain too busy to find time to make food in home for themselves. Life has become more and more mechanical over the years. In order to manage the expenses, people have to work as much and as often as they can. Therefore, they largely rely on junk food. These traits of the American culture make them fatter than non-American people.

Aquaculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aquaculture - Essay Example In recent years, cultivated aqua plants have shown significant increase in production too. The gross production of aqua plants in 2004 was worth 6.8 billion US$. Oysters hold the second position when it comes to aquatic culture. The aquatic species variegation is another factor that demands attention. More than 240 cultivated aquatic flora and animal species were recorded in 2004. The fact that needs exposure here is that heterogeneity of aquatic species has been undermined and collection of annual facts and data suggest that species variegation is shooting up. Species introduction is one of the legitimate means of increasing production. Species Introduction has played a significant role in aquaculture and they provide a noticeable share of total aquaculture production. Consider the fact that nearly 17% of the global finfish production is because of alien/introduced species. However they have negative impacts too. Introduced species can impact aquatic ecosystem in terms of predation, habitat modification etc. Proper assessment of effects of introduced species on aquatic life and their negative and positive consequences should be done and suitable plans should be formulated. Fishery products comprises of water, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins and other nitrogen compounds. The vital micro-nutrients and minerals in fatty fish are Vitamins A and D, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus whereas iodine, in marine fish. Fish lipids have up to 40% extremely unsaturated long chain fatty acids. Fish proteins hold all vital amino acids. The carbohydrate content in fish muscle is very less, generally lesser than 0.5 percent. There are numerous uses of marine resources; the most prominent use is as a source of food. Fisheries resources are rendering human species with record amounts of food. Fish has proved to be a diet full of proteins and nutrients. World fish production used for direct human intake shot up during 1990s. Other use of fish include 'extracting oil' and as 'feed'. However, excessive use of fisheries resources is endangering the ecosystem of our planet. Continuously increasing demand and exhausting marine life has led to an increment in the gap between demand and supply. As Taras Grescoe states in Bottomfeeder: How the fish on our Plates is Killing our Planet that Good fish like sardine, pilchard is diminishing and that we in our madness are hoovering up the good fish by converting it into fishmeal for salmon in farms. He concludes that it requires 3.9 Kg of wild fish to yield 1 Kg of flabby, artificially colored farmed salmon. Commercial wild salmon fishery has nearly vanished in North At lantic. The North Sea store of herring, valuable fatty pelagic fish, tumbled in 1970s because of the requirement of the pig feed industry. It can be concluded that overfishing is a compelling marine issue demanding immediate attention. According to EUCC news, China is a country where live reef fish requirement is quite high and is expected to increase in the coming years. Hong-Kong being the capital of world's live reef fish industry exports a lot of reef fish to China. China's increasing demands for coral fish has already endangered species like hump head wrasse. As marine stock has already depleted in

The Indian Caste System Essay Example for Free

The Indian Caste System Essay The Indian word for caste is jati, which means a large kin-community or descent-group. The word caste comes from the Portuguese casta (breed or race). The Sanskrit word applied to these groupings is varna, which means several things but is often interpreted to signify color. In a verse from the first millennium epic, the Mahabharata, Brigu, the sage explains: The brahmans are fair, the ksatriyas are reddish, the vaisyas yellow and the sudras are black (Huttton). In this essay I look at how the caste system existed in ancient India and how it currently exists in modern India. I will also try and explain how the caste system has evolved from its ancient ways and how it currently functions in modern India: for example, what sort of role it plays in Indias politics and in government policies. I will also give my personal opinion on the Indian caste system. Of the many cultures that flourished in India the literary records of the Indo-Aryan culture are not only the earliest but contain the first mention of the components of the ancient Indian caste. The Indo-Aryan, when they entered India, considered themselves more advanced and more developed than the native aborigines of India. When they (Aryans) came they had mainly three well-defined classes amongst themselves, intermarriage between which must have been rather rare, though not forbidden. These three classes to a great extent worked and functioned the way the caste system functioned but the differences between the three classes was not all that rigidly marked. (Bashm). When the Aryans entered India their first task was to exclude the sudras, a class largely composed of the aborigines, from their (Aryan) religious worship. The lowest caste of the Indian society represented the sudras at that time. The sudras were not allowed to practice religious worship that was developed by the Aryans and they were not allowed to be present in the sacrificial halls of worship. The sudras were further divided into two groups pure or not-excluded (aniravasita) and excluded (niravasita). The latter were quite outside the pale of the Hindu society, and were virtually indistinguishable from the body of the people later to be known as the untouchables. According to the brahman cal textbooks the chief duty of the pure sudra was to wait on the other three classes. He was to eat the  remnants of his masters food, wear his cast-off clothing, and use his old furniture (Bashm). Below the sudras was a group of people called the untouchables. Sometimes they were called the fifth class (pancama), but most historians rejected this term, since they believed that this class of people were so low that they were excluded from the Aryan social order altogether. The untouchables were also known as the candala. According to the ancient Indian law the Candals were to be dressed in the garments of the corpse they had cremated (candals cremated the dead), should eat their food from broken vessels, and should wear only iron ornaments (Bashm). The other three classes at that time were that of the brahmans, ksatriya and the vaisya. There was a sharp distinction between the higher three classes and the sudras. The former were twice born (dvija), once at their natural birth and again at their initiation, when they were invested with the sacred thread and received into the Aryan society (Bashm). This distinction was made on the basis of their varna, or skin color. This type of distinction became even more rigid after the fairer Aryans came into contact with the darker aborigines of India. The brahman was a great divinity in human form. His spiritual power was such that he could destroy the king and his army, if they attempted to infringe on his rights. In law he claimed great privileges, and in every respect he demanded precedence, honor and worship. Often the brahman lived under the patronage of a king, and was provided for by grants of tax-free land, farmed by peasants, who would pay their taxes to the brahman instead of to the king. They performed all the religious sacrifices for the kings and other higher classes for which they were paid and given gifts. No other caste besides the Brahmans could perform religious sacrifices. The brahmans were also considered to be the people between the gods and the mortals. At all times the brahmans supposedly led a truly religious life praying to god and learning the scriptures (Bashm). The second class was the ruling one, the members of which were in the Vedic  period called rajana, and later ksatriya. The theoretical duty of the ksatriya was protection, which included fighting in war and governing in peace. In earlier times he often claimed precedence over the brahman. The kings were considered to be ksatriyas and they could check the power of the Brahman, as the brahmans were supposed to check the power of the ksatriya (Bashm). The third class was that of the vaisya, or the mercantile class, though entitled to the services of the priesthood and to the sacred thread of initiation, but this class was poorer than the brahmans and the ksatriya. The vaisya was sometimes also symbolized as the downtrodden cultivator or a petty merchant who was interested in nothing else but his profit. To understand the functioning of the Indian caste system effectively and simply it will be best if we divide the features of the Hindu society into six major groups: Division in society and how the various castes functioned Castes were groups with well developed lives of their own, and individuals membership to his or her own caste was determined by his birth in that particular caste. The status of a person depended not on his wealth but on the traditional importance of the caste that he had the luck of being born into. Each of the castes was supposed to perform a set of activities and follow a set of rules. Often the set of activities and rules that were assigned to different castes were very different from one another. Each caste had its own panchayat or a governing body. Some of the offences that it dealt with, were : (a) eating, or drinking; (b) seduction of or adultery with a married women; (c) refusal to fulfill the promise of marriage; (d) refusing to send a wife to her husband when old enough; (e) non-payments of debts; (f) petty assaults; (g) insulting a brahman; (h) defying customs. The panchayat was also responsible for sentencing punishments. They also looked after the well being of the individuals of their own caste. Thus, each caste was in a way its own ruler. Hence the members of a caste ceased to be members of the community as a whole. The citizens owned moral allegiance to their caste first, rather than to the community as a whole Dennis, Hutton). Hierarchy As I have earlier mentioned in my paper before hierarchy was a major part of the ancient Indian society. The brahmans were certainly at the top of this hierarchical order followed by the ksatriya, the vaisya and then the sudras. This system of hierarchy was common almost all over India except for a few areas in the south where the artisan caste maintained a struggle for a higher place in the social order and disputed the supremacy of the brahmans (Dennis). Restrictions of Feeding and Social Intercourse There were numerous rules as to what sort of food and drink could be accepted by a person and from what caste. All food was divided into two classes: Kachcha and Pakka. The former was any food in the cooking of which water had been used; and the latter was food cooked in ghi or oil without the addition of water. As a rule, a man would never eat Kachcha food unless it was prepared by a fellow caste man, who in actual practice meant a member of his own endogamous group, or else prepared by his brahmin guru. But a brahmin could accept Kachcha food at the hands of no other caste. As for the Pakka food, a brahmin might take it from the hands of some other castes only. A man of higher caste would not accept Kachcha food from one of the lower. The idea of impurity or pollution was also a very important concept in ancient Indian society. A member of the upper cast could become impure just by the shadow of an untouchable or by his approaching within a certain distance of that member of the upper caste. No Hindu of decent caste would touch a chamar or a dom both of whom were members of the untouchable class. The members of a higher class often restricted the untouchables from using the same wells or the same rivers as theirs since they (untouchables) might pollute the water in the well or the river stream if they accidentally touched it with their hands. In certain areas the untouchables were not allowed to come out of their houses during dawn because their bodies cast too long shadows, which might defile a member of a higher class if it fell on him (Hutton, Dennis). Civil and Religious disabilities and Privileges of the different sections   Different areas in India had different ways of distinguishing between people of different classes. In north India impure castes were segregated and made to live on the outskirts of villages. In some parts of east India the lower castes were given some parts of the cities where they were allowed to live. In other parts of southern India the lower castes were given certain streets on which they could live and they were forbidden to enter certain streets because member of the higher classes lived on those. For example a paraiyan (a caste which came under the shudras) would not be allowed to enter a land or a village that was owned by a brahmin and even a Brahmin would not be allowed to pass through their street. If he happened to enter he would be greeted with cow-dung and water. Also, some of the lower castes were made to drag thorny branches with them to wipe out their footprints and lie at a distance prostrate on the ground if a brahmin passed by, so that the foul shadow might not defile the holy brahmin. Even the schools that were maintained at public cost were practically closed to such impure castes as the chamars and mahars (both of which belonged to the untouchables). The shanars and the izhavas were not allowed to build two story houses because their height might cast a shadow on other houses, bringing bad luck. Under some emperors there were distinctions made between the punishments that were given to a brahmin and a member of the lower caste. The brahmin enjoyed certain privileges that were not enjoyed by any other caste. For example a brahmin could accept gifts and food from a clean sudra. No caste could employ any other priests than the brahmins to perform sacrifices any other religious ceremonies. A brahmin never bowed before any one else, but required others to salute him. A brahmin only could promote a person to a higher caste. A brahmin was considered so important in some kingdoms that he was given special protection by the king (Hutton, Dennis, Bashm). Lack Of Choice of Occupation Generally a caste or a group considered some activities as their hereditary occupation which they thought were right for them and suited their status. Thus a brahmin thought that it was right for him to be a priest and a chamar thought that it was right for him to prepare shoes. This was also true of other occupations such as trading, laboring in  the fields and military service. Also, no caste let a member from the other caste take up their work. Preaching was especially reserved for the brahmins. A person who not brahmin born could not preach and would not be allowed to become a priest. The effect of these rules was that the priestly profession was entirely monopolized by the brahmins, leaving aside the people from the other classes (Hutton). Restrictions on Marriage Most of the groups, whose features I have attempted to characterize had a number of sub-groups, every one of which forbade its members to marry persons from outside their own caste. Each of these groups, popularly known as sub-castes, is thus endogamous. In some parts of India, however, the endogamy system was not that strict and a man from a higher caste was allowed to marry a girl from a lower caste. Except for some exceptional cases like the one mentioned above, inter-caste marriage was extremely limited and each group was expected to marry within their own caste or community. However, if this rule was ever broken, then expulsion from the membership of the group was generally the penalty, which the offending parties had to suffer. Generally expulsion from ones own community was a very major thing since he would not get admission into a higher caste and would have to become a member of a lower caste (Hutton, Dennis). After much discussion about the caste system in ancient India, I feel that I will not do justice to the topic unless I look at its influence in modern India. In the following I will talk about how the caste system works in modern India and how it affects the politics and the policies of modern India. I will conclude by giving my personal opinion on the caste system. The caste system in modern India has been deeply influenced by the mobility that was brought under the British rule; the movement to the cities for higher education and for employment. Lower castes were promoted by certain grants and concessions. The caste system became much less rigid during this time, and the artificial barriers that were set by the brahmans between various castes fell. In addition, all the non-Hindus like the Jains, Christians and Muslims were treated equally. Even the ideas of pollution and  untouchability specially weakened in the cities; even the villages experienced a certain amount of liberalization (Srinivas). However, all this change has been accompanied by a large involvement of caste in administration and policies. Election candidates stand from their castes rather than their respective political parties and get elected on the basis of their caste. Numerically, large castes have become important pressure groups in politics at the District and the State levels. For example a candidate from Maharashtra cannot hope to win elections if he does not allot special deals and packages to the marathas, brahmins, and the mahars (all of these castes are the numerically dominant caste in Maharashtra). The same is true for a candidate standing from Gujrat who will have to promote the interests of the banias, patidars and the kolis; and a candidate from Bihar who would have to promote the bhumihar, kayasth and the rajputs (Srinivas). Modern rural India has been divided into villages and each village has a village leader, who normally is fairly rich and is from a high caste. These village leaders play a very important role in the politics of modern India. Political leaders who stand for elections from their area normally need the help of the village leaders to get the votes of the people of that village and to win elections. In return these village heads can ask the political leaders for loans and grants for their village, which are normally not distributed evenly among the people of that village. Since the village leaders often belong to higher classes, they give most of these loans and grants to the people of the higher class and the people from the lower class get very little of this share. Thus, this results in the higher classes becoming richer and the lower classes becoming poorer. Even the political leaders do not bother to improve their condition till they keep getting their votes and keep winning the elec tions (Srinivas). I will divide my conclusion into two parts. In my first conclusion I will judge the caste system according to all the knowledge I have gained from reading books of various foreign scholars. For my second conclusion, I will talk about the caste system based on my experience and cultural insights. In my first conclusion, I would describe the Indian caste system as a necessary  evil. While it was essential to keep the different parts of the Indian society interconnected and together, I think the way it was followed and implemented was wrong. Every stable and developing society has a hierarchy system with a group of people at the top, some in the middle and then some at the bottom. However, I do not believe it correct for the lowest group to be ill treated and abused, as in the case of the sudras and the untouchables. I believe this where the Indian caste system went wrong. For my second conclusion I would like to propose an argument. We really do not have a lot of information on the caste system to make a judgment about it. Most of the information that we have so far is from 19th century colonialist historians who saw only its surface rigidities and made sweeping generalizations, (condemnatory for the most part), based on too little knowledge and even less experience. They probably did not see this sort of division, as parallel to anything they had in Europe so they could have misunderstood the whole concept altogether. Therefore I dont exactly know what to say about the caste system based on their readings, since we really do not have a lot of information on the caste system to be judgmental about it. Could it be possible that the ancient Indians were not really racists and as I have mentioned did not divide society on the basis of their color. Could it be that they divided their people on the basis of their profession and deeds? The truth of the matter probably lays in the fact that varna, like a lot of Sanskrit words, changed its meaning according to the context it is used in and can denote form, quality, class, category, race, merit or virtue. Whatever be the reality the truth is that the caste system is probably not as apparent in modern India as apparent as it was in the ancient India but I think that the influence that it is now having on Indias politics is disturbing.

Executive Summary of Sun Cosmetics, Inc. :: Business Management Cosmetics Australia Essays

Executive Summary of Sun Cosmetics, Inc. There are many components to a successful organization, among them is a steady flow of innovative products that are consistently produced to high standards, available to customers when and where they are needed, and backed with diligent service and support. We will demonstrate the viability of capturing a significant market share of sunscreen products Down Under. We will inform you of our unique market entrance plans, our unique product and its marketable attributes. We will layout our target markets and their demographic information, and we will conclude with the profitability remarks necessary to gain your confidence and investment. Sun Cosmetics, Inc., the parent company, was founded in 1955 and has been a publicly held company since 1973. It was incorporated in the State of Massachusetts. Any U.S. legal conflicts fall under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts state court system. It's annual North American sales of sunscreen products are in excess of $20 billion. Sun Cosmetics created Oceana's development team for the express purpose of penetrating Australia's regional markets. Its members were selected based on their cultural appreciation and adaptability, their research expertise, and their discerning abilities with both primary and secondary data. Cheri Brown, Vice President of International Operations Robert Roy, Director of International Sales & Marketing Helen Quinn, Director of Cultural Adaptation Becky Barth, Director of Research & Development Sun Cosmetics, Inc. will send two expatriate executives to F.H. Faulding & Company Limited to work in commensurate positions and pay grades. The training and marketing guidance is invaluable from both perspectives. Product introduction and formulation Due to the high incident of skin cancer Down Under, primarily originating in young children, we have developed an additive that enables parents and children to see that this sunscreen has in fact been applied to all areas of exposed skin. This additive is a coloring agent that fades approximately three minutes after application. Taking advantage of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Summer Games approach, we have incorporated the additive with an olympic theme: Oceana Gold, Silver & Bronze. The coloring agents will actually be gold, silver or bronze according to the label of the particular sunscreen purchased. In addition to these choices, each color would be available in several degrees of sun protection factor (SPF): SPF4, SPF8, SPF15 & SPF30 (SPF4 being the least and SPF30 being almost total sunblock). Oceana is a non-greasy water resistant sunscreen with aloe vera gel, vitamin E and is paba free. Incidence of skin cancer The high incidence of skin cancer in Australia is the reason for our choice of this product. Skin cancer has been on the rise due to environmental issues

Church History

God is the Divine Author of a set of books, songs, narratives and letters that were written as a way for man to draw nearer to Him through His loving Son Jesus the Christ. God’s Word is an expression of who God is and who His Son is. J. Scott Duvall and J. Daniel Hays wrote a book called Grasping God’s Word. Within this book, the authors inspire their readers by giving a detailed reason why we study the Bible. They say, â€Å"The reason we study the Bible is that we want to hear God’s Word to us. They go on to say, â€Å"The Bible was written by numerous human authors, but the divine aspect of it is inseparably and mysteriously interwoven into every verse. The term we use to describe this relationship between the divine role and the human role is inspiration. Inspiration can be defined as the process in which God directed individuals, incorporating their abilities and styles, to produce His message to humankind. †[1] Our Bible is an inspired canon of the 39 received books of the Old Testament and the 27 books of the New Testament. The combined 66 books of the Old and New Testament form the orthodox belief which was founded upon the inspired moving of God among man and creation. What were the events and movements that were influential in the recognition of the canonical books? Furthermore, what methodology was used by the applicable individuals and councils that deemed these 66 books the inspired Word of God? In her work titled, â€Å"The Establishment of Christian Orthodoxy of the Holy Bible†, Kathy McFarland gives us a very in depth understanding of the foundation of orthodoxy and the establishment of canon. I will begin by reviewing her thought about the foundation of orthodoxy. McFarland states, â€Å"Both Christians and pagans were shocked by the heretical ideas that were developing by the late second-century. Irenaeus, a Christian author who represented the ‘mainstream', non-gnostic Christianity, wrote a book attacking Gnosticism because it denigrated the material world, removing the ability for God's active interest from being expressed, and separated the God of the Old Testament from the God of the New. Tertullian agreed with Irenaeus that the Christian faith originated with Jesus and established a standard which belief could be tested. As Tertullian put it in his Prescription against the heretics, â€Å"It is clear that all doctrine which agrees with the apostolic churches – those moulds and original sources of the faith – must be considered true, as undoubtedly containing what those churches received from the apostles, the apostles from Christ, Christ from God. And all doctrine must be considered false which contradicts the truth of the churches and apostles of Christ and God. â€Å"This apostolic principle became extremely important in later centuries as the orthodox standards of faith were established. Now we have an understanding of the foundation of orthodoxy, I will now delve into McFarland thoughts on the establishment of the canon. â€Å"Christians possessed the writings by the apostles and their disciples that they believed expressed the rule of faith in written form by the time of Irenaeus and Tertullian, Most of the local churches within the Roman world agreed to which writings should be included in the NT canon by the second century; however, this agreement was not formalized until the third council of Carthage in 397. Most scholars believe that the New Testament canon was completed by A.  D. 100, if not earlier. They would read these writings in the practice of their faith as they met, and thought of these writings as equal to the writings the Jewish Scripture. The Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament), was in the Canon as the New Testament began to be added over a period of 400 years. The basis for including a book in Scripture was apparent within the process of declaring the Christian Canon, and required that each addition be prophetic, authoritative, authentic, life-transforming, widely recognized as the Word of God and reliable. Those declared inspired were of two basic categories of both eyewitness accounts of the Messiah (the Gospels), and letters from key witnesses written to various groups of believers (the Epistles). Concentrated effort was made to establish the authoritative collection of inspired books of the Bible into the Canon during the fourth century; however, there had been earlier attempts to list the acceptable books. The Muratorian Canon had listed all the books of the Bible except for 1 John, 1 and 2 Peter, Hebrews and James around A.  D. 180, and the Syriac Version of the Canon lists all of the books except Revelation in the third century. The apocryphal writings were seen as less than inspired by the fourth century, and many of the books previously held in high regard were beginning to disappear, as the formal establishment of Canon began. Both the East and the West Churches established their Canons in the fourth century on the criterion of maintaining a connection to the apostles or their immediate disciples in the collection of writings. Athanasius of Alexandria listed the complete 27 books of the New Testament for the Eastern Church, while Jerome listed just 39 Old Testament books with our present-day 27 New Testament ones for the West Church. The resulting Vulgate Bible, translated by Jerome to Latin, was used throughout the Christian world. The Synods of Carthage confirmed the 27 books of the New Testament of our present day Bibles in 397 and 418. [2] We have taken a look into the thoughts of Kathy McFarland. Now let’s take a journey into the mind of Sam A. Smith, the author of â€Å"Important Truths About the Bible, Part 2: How and Where Did We Get Our Bible? Smith makes the following observations about the canonicity of the books of the Bible: Canonicity refers to a book’s status, as to whether or not it should be regarded as divinely authoritative (inspired) and thus worthy to be included within the canon (the group of writings recognized as the Word of God). Perhaps you have wondered how the early church knew which books should be regarded as part of the Bible, and which ones should be excluded (like Tobit, Judith, Baruch, the Gospel of Thomas)? Many people mistakenly think that some group of church officials at the council of Nicia in A.  D. 325 sat down and voted on which books they thought should be included and that’s how we got our Bible. But that simply isn’t the way it happened. Actually, so far as we can determine, each target group to which a portion of Scripture was addressed immediately recognized it as Scripture on a par with all other Scripture. This is true of both Old Testament and New Testament Scriptures. Note the following examples of how Scripture was immediately recognized as the Word of God by the target audience. Moses’ writings were placed beside the Ark of the Covenant (Deut. 31:24-29). Daniel, a contemporary of Jeremiah, regarded Jeremiah’s prophetic writings as Scripture (Dan. 9:1-2 cf. Jer. 25:11). Peter recognized Paul’s writing as being on a par with the Old Testament Scriptures (2 Pet. 3:14-16). Church councils only stated the churches official recognition on the books that had long since been received, and denied equal status to more recent, spurious documents. In order to understand how we came to have the specific sixty-six books that are in our Bible we need to look at the formation of the Old Testament and New Testament canons individually. The word â€Å"canon† means â€Å"authority,† or â€Å"standard† by which other things are judged. The word â€Å"canon† when used of Scripture refers to the books deemed to be authoritative, i. e. , God’s Word. The Protestant canon contains sixty-six books. The Roman Catholic canon is longer, having added several books in the sixteenth century which were not regarded as canonical by the early church—to which effect Jerome included a notation in his Latin translation. ] Let’s look at the status of the Old Testament and New Testament canons. The question of which books should be included in the Old Testament is fairly simple and was settled before Christ was born. Note the following. 1) Except for the Sadducees, who only accepted the books of Moses, the Jewish people regarded as Scripture the same thirty-nine books as the Protestant church today (though they had them arranged so that some books now split were combined, e. g. , 1 & 2 Samuel). 2) The Old Testament that Jesus used was essentially the same as the one used today. ) The Old Testament apocryphal books accepted by the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century were never accepted as Scripture by Jesus or the Jewish people; nor did the early Church accept them. 4) Early quotations of the apocryphal books by some church fathers (Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria and Cyprian)–none of whom were Old Testament or Hebrew scholars–occurred at a time when the extent of the Old Testament canon was not well understood (especially by non-Jewish r eligious leaders), and some may have mistakenly thought that these books had been an accepted part of the Hebrew canon, when in fact they were not. Concerning the New Testament canon, since the gospels and the letters that were written to the early churches were scattered over the Roman Empire, it took a bit of time for the churches to assess what they had and to weed out common letters from those received as the inspired Word of God. There was very little pressure to do this until suspicious documents began to show up in key doctrinal disputes. Then it became necessary to determine the scope of the New Testament canon. It is extremely important to understand that the early church did not determine which books would become Scripture; they merely endeavored to recognize which books the churches had already received as Scripture, and to exclude spurious documents. Such tests weren’t arbitrary; they were derived from what the church leaders already knew about the character of Scripture from those books of undisputed authenticity. The following are some of the questions the early church used to assess the status of a document in question. 1) Does the writing claim to be inspired, and is its message consistent with other books of undisputed authenticity? 2) Is the author a recognized servant of God (an apostle, prophet, or early church leader)? 3) Are there good reasons to believe the document was written at the time and by the author from whom it purports to have originated? (In other words: Is it authentic? ) 4) Is the document factually correct? 5) Does the document claim to be authoritative (i. e. , the word of the Lord)? 6) Is the document in doctrinal agreement with other accepted books? ) Is there any evidence of fulfilled prophecy in the document? 7) Does the book have a universal character (i. e. , a message that transcends the local culture and milieu)? 8) Is the message of the document sublime (that is, based on what we know about God from other received books, can we conceive of God saying the things contained in the document)? Don’t get the idea that this exact list of questions was checked off for each and every book or document, but generally if a document was challenged; it was challenged on the grounds of one or more of the issues raised by these questions.

Cross-Cultural Communication Essay

To participate effectively in today’s world, we must recognize that communication is profoundly related to culture. To achieve effectiveness in social and professional life, we need to be sensitive to culture difference and adapt our interaction to people of varied culture background. The following scenario highlights the importance of adapting interaction to people with different culture. Five years ago, when I just came to Singapore, I came across an incident which made me realize that different cultures may influence people behaves differently under the same circumstance. After we finished a school group project, all the team members Wu Gang (Chinese), Samuel (Singaporean) and I (Chinese) decided to have a dinner together at a Chinese restaurant for celebration. When the dinner came to the end, Wu Gang took out his wallet and would like to pay the bill. At that moment, Samuel asked Wu Gang how much he should pay for his share. â€Å"No need, no need! It’s my treat.† replied by Wu Gang. Seeing this, I tried to took the bill from Wu Gang and insist that I pay the bill this time. Wu Gang stopped me, saying to me â€Å"Leave it to next time†. Meanwhile, he stood up and approached to casher for payment. Samuel still insisted on paying his own share and left the money to him after Wu Gang came back. At the end, Wu Gang accepted Samuel’s money unhappily. Samuel was confused and uncomfortable with Wu Gang’s reaction. At that time, I didn’t understand Samuel’s insistence either because it is so common in China for one to pay for everybody in dinner. People pay the bill for you to treat you as a close friend as if you were a family member. Rejection means that you reject to be a close friend. That’s why Wu Gang was unhappy to Samuel in the above scenario. The appropriate respond in China culture is to treat your friend back next time. Now, after living in Singapore for several years, I understand that Singaporeans are more comfortable to split the bill even they are close friends. In Singapore culture, it reflects respect and fairness to your friend that each one pays his/her own share. In this incident all of us chose our own â€Å"correct way† to deal with the situation but ignore others’ different cultural background. Many people evaluate others based on the standards of their own culture. Some people think their standards reflect universal truths. They aren’t aware that they are imposing the yardstick of their particular culture and ignoring the yardsticks of other cultures. Devaluing whatever differs from our own ways limits human interaction and leads misunderstanding. . In China, one preson usually pays for __6__ . In Western countries, one preson pays if he or she is entertaining clients , but __7__ friends eat together , they usually share the cost. This is called ‘going Dutch’.

Our Government essays

Our Government essays I felt the article Superpatriotism: The Importance of Being Number One , by Michael Parenti was a very interesting yet disturbing article. The article interests me because most of the people in my family have the attitude of a super patriot. Coming from a big family all four of my uncles could not afford to go to college in the 50s and 60s. Instead they chose to join the army. All of them fought and survived in the Vietnam War. After reading this article I would consider them super patriotic people. It seems no matter what the situation is, they always support the president and the decisions that our government makes for us. They support anything from tax increases to waging a war. They all have their own flag dangling neatly from their home and they all claim to love their country. There is nothing wrong with this attitude however this article makes me wonder how a person can love their country when 90 percent of the things that go on in America is morally wrong or against t he law. How can someone love a country where the crime rates increase every year, murder rates increase, thugs are on every corner, and big corporations launder millions and millions of dollars without getting caught. The article says that these patriotic people claim to love America because of the freedom we have here. Some freedoms however are limited. According to the article, saying certain things could possibly get you fired from your job which should not be the case if we really had the freedom of speech. Also, economic freedom is more centered on those who already have money than those that are poor and want to work for their money. What I found most interesting was the section of the article that discussed the number one syndrome. It also struck me as somewhat disturbing because our political leaders always pump the message into our minds that America is number one when there is no basis for this superior ran...

Basic Facts about a Starfishs Biology and Behavior

Basic Facts about a Starfish's Biology and Behavior Starfish are star-shaped invertebrates that can be a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. You might be most familiar with starfish that live in tide pools in the intertidal zone, but some live in deep water. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass: Asteroidea Background Even though they are commonly called starfish, these animals are known more scientifically as sea stars. They do not have gills, fins, or even a skeleton. Sea stars have a tough, spiny covering and a soft underside. If you turn over a live sea star, youll likely see its hundreds of tube feet wiggling. There are over 2,000 species of sea stars, and they come in all sizes, shapes, and colors. Their most noticeable characteristic is their arms. Many sea star species have five arms, but some, like the sun star, can have up to 40. Distribution Sea stars live in all the worlds oceans. They can be found in tropical to polar habitats, and from deep to shallow water. Visit a local tide pool, and you may be lucky enough to find a sea star! Reproduction Sea stars may reproduce sexually or asexually. There are male and female sea stars, but they are indistinguishable from one another. They reproduce by releasing sperm or eggs into the water, which, once fertilized, become free-swimming larvae that later settle to the ocean bottom. Sea stars reproduce asexually by regeneration. A sea star can regenerate an arm  and nearly its entire body if at least a portion of the sea stars central disc remains. Sea Star Vascular System Sea stars move using their tube feet and have an advanced water vascular system that they use to fill up their feet with sea water. They do not have blood but instead take in seawater through the sieve plate, or madreporite, located on top of the sea star, and use that to fill up their feet. They can retract their feet using muscles or use them as suction to hold onto a substrate or its prey. Sea Star Feeding Sea stars feed on bivalves like clams and mussels, and other animals such as small fish, barnacles, oysters, snails, and limpets. They feed by grasping their prey with their arms and extruding their stomach through their mouth and outside their body, where they digest the prey. They then slide their stomach back into their body.

EEO Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EEO Law - Essay Example However, testimony illustrated that other employees had huge bonuses within the recession that were even greater than the entire salary of Wilson. Employment policies or practices that are applicable to everyone irrespective of sex are illegal if they have negative impacts on other employees of a given sex. Autozone violated the EEO law prohibiting employment discrimination based on disability. Individuals are entitled to basic rights and freedoms in terms of selection and fair treatment during employment exercises. The United States government works on the policy in providing equal opportunities through the federal employment of all persons. The other goal is to prohibit discrimination across employment exercises based on religion, race, sex, color, handicap, national origin, sexual orientation, age, or parental status (Gutman,   Koppes  and Vodanovich 123). The policy promotes broader realization of various equal employment opportunities based on continuing affirmative programs of executive agencies and departments. The equal opportunity policy applies to all departments and is of the integral components of personnel practice and policy aspects. Subsequent inclusions are the advancement, development, treatment, and employment of people with disability in federal government opport unities as permitted by

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with Essay

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with violence, capitalism and representations of gender - Essay Example In the small house where the boy lives, he is with his grandfather and his small sister who both works hard to ensure the family gets the basic needs. The poor peace enjoyed by the family comes under jeopardy when the boy loses the hired Cyclo culminating the change of his life and that of his sister. Through the influence of a poet who works for the Boss Lady, the owner of the Pedi-cab and the same person who stole it, the boy is introduced to crime and his young sister to prostitution. There is violence within the city and the boy is given harder tasks but he is spared from death despite failing to kill his assigned target as a result of a form of developed love that connects him to his deceased mentally retarded son. Capitalism leads to violence and gender oppression in Vietnam because of the failure of government institutions obligated with the role of running the nation. To effectively capture the themes depicted by the author, it is important to focus on a detailed analysis of two scenes presented in the film. The first scene is essential as it gives the audience a basis behind the young boy’s life as one of the main protagonists in the film. It is through his daily chores where the young boy is ferrying passengers in Saigon City where the mind of the young boy reflects on the voice of his deceased father. The voice is heard by the audience from the background advising the boy on the need to live a better life than that of his father. There is a tone of pity from the voice of the deceased father as he recalls how he left his son and daughter with nothing (0: 01- 6). Buoyed by the words of his father, Cyclo is determined to change the state of his life and that of his family. The idea is almost a reality after a short while where Cyclo with another person finds good news on the newspaper about sourcing for loans from the