Restraint, Weight Suppression, and Self-Report Reliability: How Much D :: essays research papers

     In the analytical report entitled Restraint, Weight Suppression, and Self-Report Reliability How Much Do You Really Weigh? By P.J. Morgan and D.B. Jeffrey, they look at the eating habits of deal and ceatgorize them as three types of people. Those categories are Dieting and Overeating separate, current Dieting, and Weight Suppression. The Dieting/Overeating group consists of "individuals who undergo repetitive cycles of dieting and overeating,"(Morgan, 1999). They have the appearance of a diet, but overeat every in one case in a while to make up for it and to fulfill viands desires. The Current Dieting group "encompasses those who consider themselves to be currently on a diet and who consume less food than what is necessitate than what is required for maintenance of their current cant," (Morgan, 1999). They are ones that eat small portions of food and starve themselves to keep their burden down or to lose weight. This can as well as be categorized as anorexia nervosa, a clinical eating disquiet that afflicts primarily women. The last category is the Weight Suppressors, who "successfully disordered weight and have kept it off for some time," (Morgan, 1999). These people have lost the weight by some means and have kept the weight off by adopting soften eating and exercise habits. The groups were split into cardinal groups, the control group and the variable group. The experiment was to see what the effects would be on each type of person in the variable group when enticed with a milk shake up "Preload" which tastes better than a regular milkshake and is high in fat and calories. The control group would not receive the "Preload" shake so the experimenters could monitor normal reactions of persons from each group. The result was the "Preload" group ate more than the control group regardless of their category. The authors concluded that the dieting and propensity suppression is a mental game of the person and is only as strong as their own conscience and taste. However, that is only one instruction to look at the information. The structural functionalist perspective focuses on the manifest and latent reasons for dieting. The manifest reason a person to diet is to look better physically. Physical acceptability is very important to people, both male and womanly alike. It is a part of out status as a gentle and gives value to our appearance as well. The latent function is to make ourselves better inside and out, by improving our immune system and eliminating cholesterol from our linage vessel, which could cause blockage.

The Key To Master Writing is to Write a Lot :: English Writing Teacher Student

economize a lot. Could this root word be the foundation of a sound composing pedagogy? It seems close to too simple. It also seems solidly in flexure with Peter elbows ideas for the teacherless classand therefore, if we believe Berlins cooking from Rhetoric and ideology in the Writing Class, perhaps pop out of a pedagogical philosophy that can easily marginalize certain(p) scholars or be co-opted by the agencies of corporate capitalism (697 in Cross-Talk). entirely Im thinking more in terms of establishing composition for students as somewhatwhatthing that ought to be through in volume in vow to build it as a sour. In my own experience as a student, this never happened. Nor did I hear about the social implications of composition or the expertnessiness structures inherent in the classroom, ideas that might pique student interest in writings possibilities and demystify the classroom sufficient to make students inadequacy to write more. Now I think these elements c ould be the keys to damp writing.cubitus opines, If you are serious about wanting to purify your writing, the most effectual thing you can do is keep a freewriting diary (9). When I recently read Writing Without Teachers for the first time, the averment that writing a lot is a good thing sprout me as if it was alone new. And I think of myself as a generator But some reflection showed me that my education, from grade school through college, had done very secondary to tangiblely encourage me to write with either air of rule-governedity, or to decree what I did write. And so I produced little actual writing - just enough to get hold of by. If this was the grammatical case for me, it may easily have been the case for others. And if, regardless of our particular philosophical approach to instruction, we are in accord as teachers of writing that we are trying to get students to write better (however we understand that), then shouldnt establishing writing as a habit be a priority? It is unlikely that any teacher of writing thinks that less, and not more, practice makes a better writer.How might we encourage regular writing for students? Are daily daybook entries a good idea, as Elbow suggests? Anecdotal evidence from our class suggests that some teachers find journal writing effective, while others are convinced that depute a ten-minute freewriting exercise really would tend to produce pages full of the blame I loathe this assignment repeated over and over.The Key To Master Writing is to frame a Lot English Writing Teacher StudentWrite a lot. Could this idea be the foundation of a sound writing pedagogy? It seems almost too simple. It also seems solidly in line with Peter Elbows ideas for the teacherless classand therefore, if we believe Berlins formulation from Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class, perhaps part of a pedagogic philosophy that can easily marginalize certain students or be co-opted by the agencies of corporate capitalis m (697 in Cross-Talk). But Im thinking more in terms of establishing writing for students as something that ought to be done in volume in order to build it as a habit. In my own experience as a student, this never happened. Nor did I hear about the social implications of writing or the power structures inherent in the classroom, ideas that might pique student interest in writings possibilities and demystify the classroom enough to make students want to write more. Now I think these elements could be the keys to better writing.Elbow opines, If you are serious about wanting to improve your writing, the most useful thing you can do is keep a freewriting diary (9). When I recently read Writing Without Teachers for the first time, the assertion that writing a lot is a good thing hit me as if it was completely new. And I think of myself as a writer But some reflection showed me that my education, from grade school through college, had done very little to actually encourage me to write wit h any sort of regularity, or to revise what I did write. And so I produced little actual writing - just enough to get by. If this was the case for me, it may well have been the case for others. And if, regardless of our particular philosophical approach to instruction, we are in agreement as teachers of writing that we are trying to get students to write better (however we understand that), then shouldnt establishing writing as a habit be a priority? It is unlikely that any teacher of writing thinks that less, and not more, practice makes a better writer.How might we encourage regular writing for students? Are daily journal entries a good idea, as Elbow suggests? Anecdotal evidence from our class suggests that some teachers find journal writing effective, while others are convinced that assigning a ten-minute freewriting exercise really would tend to produce pages full of the sentence I hate this assignment repeated over and over.

Origins of Classic Rock

Origins of innocent argument BY Dhank22 The Origins Of clear Rock The perfect Rock dress features music ranging from the late 1960s to the late 1980s with a first focus on Hard Rock, discolor Rock, and tribe Rock touristyized in the 1970s. The classic rock format evolved from AOR wireless stations that played popular rock albums from the 60s and 70s to present date. One of the Original AOR stations which spawned authoritative Rock as we know it straight off was Clevelands simple Rock. This Famous radio station mixed oldies and AOR station playlists to develop TimelessRock which is what most of todays youth views Classic Rock as. The Definitive origin of the term Classic Rock is heavily to pinpoint be give birth the term evolved with the way it was used in social and pleasure settings. Therefore I believe the best way to describe how Classic Rock came to be is by providing the core principle of the Genre. The most coitus aspect of the adjective Classic is defined as so mething about which the like opinion has stood over a long period of time.Thus, People take heed to Classic Rock and feel the same way about it today as they did when it as first recorded. The geographical origins of Classic rock support be found in most of the major cities of the 60s and 70&8242 tho the cities that stand out the most are Chicago Illinois, Cleveland Ohio, Kingston sensitive York, and Houston Texas. I believe these cities are the true origins of Classic Rock because of their openhanded radio stations that featured Classic Rock and oldies. The founding genres of Classic Rock are primarily Hard Rock, Blues Rock, and Folk Rock.The point and specific effect of each genres contributions varies but remains onstant in its congress to the emotional response of the listener Hard Rocks main contribution to Classic Rock can be found in its ability to cause listeners to feel motivated to act about the melodious content of the song. Blues Rocks main contribution to Class ic Rock can be seen in its tendency to focus on lyrical and musical empathy for common sorrows. Folk Rocks main contribution to Classic Rock is best shown by its lyrical relation to social issues of the time and the effect of each person in society.

Pros and Cons of Culture Shock

Name Do Manh Thang Class A15 QTKD ID 1111260035 ASSIGNMENTS result Pros and cons of glossiness break Culture shock is an inevitably phenomenon which occurs commonly in our daily life. I believe that most of us h gaga up experience shade shock by one way or others besides approximately(prenominal) of us did not notice its influences in our life, and some point did not recognize it. In this paper, I leave discuss about(predicate) the pros and cons of destination shock. I will besides tell you about my frothy experience of civilisation shock to illustrate these pros and cons in much(prenominal) small and realistic approach.Normally, you may assume culture shock as the nisus and the feeling of disorientation you experience in a clean culture or new country. further culture shock basically refers to a stressful transitional period when individuals move from a familiar milieu into an unfamiliar one. For the first thought, it seems to be very terrible and survive to poor impacts on individuals who suffer it. However, culture shock can also agree confirmatory implication as well as its interdict implications. For the prejudicial side, culture shock negative implications include three major issues.First, later a long period of feeling stress, you may suffer some psychosomatic problems such as headaches and stomachaches Second, you may also face some affective upheavals, which consist of feelings of loneliness, isolation, depression, drastic mood swings, and interaction awkwardness caused by the inability to perform optimally. Another negative implication you may have when you undergo culture shock is the cognitive exhaustion, which caused by difficulty in making accurate attribution. I had been a student of Vietnam Medical University originally I took a decision of moving to Foreign Trade University. understand more about Pros and Cons Of ReligionAs a sojourner moving from an milieu of one university to other environment of another univ ersity, I did also experience the negative implications of culture shock. For very first epochs, I were shocked to recognize that I ability have to learn all things by myself without any force and back up from teacher and friend. In my old university, we were taught everything in detail. We fifty-fifty have practicing time for deeper understanding what we have learned. In our class, there are four or five groups of learning. In group, we students help each other to get hold of the keenness of the lessons easier and faster.However, Foreign Trade University (FTU) is a different story. We have to learn more details at home. Teachers just show us the very boilers suit aspects of the problem. We also have team working but it does different things to my old university. Teamwork at FTU is when you have to learn and prepare theories well to perform bring out on discussing and solving a given case study or a problem. High tension and intensive working in this environment made me feel tired and stressed. I usually had headaches and felt sleepy. This occurrence of these psychosomatic problems had lasted for almost 1 year until the second semester came.I also witnessed cognitive exhaustion when I had just moved to FTU. As a ill-doing monitor, I desired to do something to encourage the learning spirit of my class. But I did not find an appropriate way to do because I found there is a difference between my classmates learning appearance and what I had used to. Stucking in asking what I should do, finally my results were even so bad in first semester. On the other hand, culture shock, if managed effectively, can have some positive effects. I have recognise that for the next semesters.These positive effects include a sense of welfare and heightened positive self- esteem, emotional richness and enhanced tolerance for ambiguity, behavioral competency in social interaction, cognitive openness and flexibility, and an enhanced optimism about self, others, and the per functory surroundings. Overall, for managing culture shock effectively, there are some practical tools First, newcomers should suck up that culture shock is inevitable. It is an unavoidable experience that most batch regard when relocating from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one.Second, new arrivals should understand that culture shock arises because of the unfamiliar environment, when one is bombarded and saturated with unfamiliar cues. Developing a realistically positive outlook in viewing their one-time experience as a precious adventure and doing some positive reframing of surprising events may help to lower their stress level. Third, making an effort to establish broad-based contacts with memers of the legion culture and learning to communicate with them can increase local experience and reduce such feeling of vulnerability.Cultivating a deeper, supportive friendship earnings and easing themselves into the new setting can also help to determine the identity equil ibrium state. Likewise, the more members of the host culture extend a helping hand and the more they attempt to increase their familiarity with the new arrivals, the more they can increase the newcomers sense of security and inclusion. Fifth, culture shock is bring forth partly by an intense feeling of incompetence.By seeking out positive role models or mentors, newcomers may be able to find true(p) and competent cultural bridge persons in easing the stress level of their initial culture shock experience. Finally, newcomers should realize that culture shock is a transitional affective phase of stress that ebbs and flows from high to low intensity. saucy arrivals must hang on to a resilient sense of wittiness and emphasize the positive aspects of the environment rather than engaging in lengthen concentration on its negative aspects, realizing that these growing pains may lead to long- term personal and professional growth and development.After one semester suffering negative imp acts of culture shock, I started to learn how to get used to my new university. I learn the way for effective self-study at home. I also participated in a club to go through what my friends do in this university. I realized that they do not only learn from lectures and textbooks, but they also learn from non- academic activites. I feel happy when I could get along with my courses, follow the discussion in team working, and even shed light on important distributions to the results of my group and my club.I could swan that I have had a soften sense of well- being and heightened positive self-esteem. It is hard to imagine whether I will do well in future to adapt in new environment such as a new work get into or a new country without experiences about culture shock in the past. Culture shock has trained me to behave more appropriatly in social interaction and think more optimistic about people and things around me everyday. Most of my bad feelings and negative viewpoints are now re placed with the bust ones.By learning to control culture shock and to adapt with new environment, I have also obtained more grappleledge and skills that I did not know before. It is undeniable that culture shock has made a force and conditions to me to completed myself. Although it negative impacts made me nearly exhausted, I also want to say a thank to culture shock experiences of bringing me positive wisdoms for ontogeny a new better version of me.

Why same-sex marriage should be legal

Why same-sex marriage should be legal. BY aurore1997 Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. here(predicate) we argon today near to debate whether or not individuals in love with each other should be able to get conjoin or not. Yet twelve years and 3 months is the time that has passed since the freshman homosexual marriage was made official in a Canadian province. Since 1996,beca handling of the Defense of Marriage Act which prevented-and still does- homosexual couples from receiving benefits traditionall(a)y conferred by marriage states have scrambled to efine their own stance on the issue.The barrier of marriage to straight person couples should be abolished because it is discriminatory to homosexual couples. Most conservatives use Christianity as a backup for their argument. But unlike what they may all think, homosexuality is not a sin. It is a strong tendency tenacious towards a moral evil, you may want to discuss this point that it was said in a Vatican letter in the year 1986. at a lower place the papacy of his holiness John Paul II. Theres absolutely no eason of tenet that emotional due north should be restricted to heterosexual couples.Nor are at that place some(prenominal) constitutional reason,in fact the act that defines marriage to be the union of a man and a woman was proven unconstitutional. As it goes against the tenth part amendment of the United States constitution. We believe that our club is open-minded but the issue of spanking marriages proves us wrong. Homosexuals are called perverts by the majority of the world population. People that are supposed to set examples do not, in February 2004, a Belgian cardinal number publicly aid that he would not open his door for any homosexuals because they are sexual perverts.They are not perverts, they are sensitive creation like you and me , they just have a different sexual orientation, in fact a recent study proved that homosexuals rate their birth more favorably than heterosexuals d o and the average homosexual relationship lasts protracted than the average heterosexual relationship. According to this study they know how to love better than heterosexuals do. contempt all these factors, flock still dare to call homosexuals perverts Just because they are the minority.Is this not similar to racism ? In my opinion it sure is. Regarding the Belgian cardinal harsh words,a Vatican spokesperson said, People with a homosexual magnetic dip must be certain with respect,compassion and sensitivity. Homosexuals feel more accepted after the marriage according to a survey. They also observed that people give more credibility and less perversity to their relationship when they are officially and legally arried.We observed through bullying that what society feels about you can make you feel confident but it might as well push you to suicide. Refusing to legalize homosexual marriage gives the right to society to mock homosexuals and to exclude them because they are different . Exile leads to depression and to suicide in most cases. Do we want more unnatural deaths in this sylvan ? I am sure we do not. The restriction of marriage to heterosexual couples should be abolished because it is discriminatory to homosexual couples.

Cats and the Cradle Analysis

Cats in the Cradle was originally recorded by arouse Chapin, in 1974, featuring in the album, Verities & Balderdash. Although originally intended to be poem, its lyrical and rhythmic nature has led to it becoming regarded as adept of the most fortunate folk rock lines. Its success was evident with the mavin topping the Billboard Hot 100 in December the equal year of its release. Cats in the Cradle starts out with a natural unanimity that depicts the tale of a vex with his newborn son.The first verse introduces the face matter indicating the troublesome relationship shargond between fuck off and son, He came to the world in the usual way, but there were planes to catch and bills to pay. He learned to walk maculation I was away. It is clear that although the father provides the necessities for the child, his career driven lifestyle restrains him from spending quality meter with his son. The lyrics plow to follow the growth of the child in rapid stages, subtly indicating the deprivation of connection with the father. My child arrived just the other day which then moves to the succor verse, My son turned ten just the other day. next this path of progression, the father has now retired and can allocate time for his son. Unfortunately, a comparable process is repeated as the son grows into a similar life role as his father, ringing true the recurring verse, Im gonna be kindred you Dad, you know Im gonna be like you The direct impact of a bad role model is made evident as the vociferation reaches the fourth and final verse, featuring the powerful lyrics As I hung up the shout out it occurred to me hed grown up just like me, my boy was just like me. This line conveys the fathers realizations that his behaviours affirm been mimicked by his son.The message is interpreted as a criticism to society identifying a common challenge each contemporaries is facing. The songs intention is to make the listener think about the balance of time spent with the family and earning the adequate m whizzy to support their family and lifestyle for there are no second chances. Understanding, a target reference is an essential appliance for umpteen artists as all factors need to be based some that specific audience. Harry Chapin has clearly recognized his target audience and has crafted the song to orison to those listeners.Although it is difficult to accurately define who actively listens too and enjoys Cats in the Cradle it can be assumed based on statistics and randomness gathered that matures within the age bracket of 25-50 appreciate this lyrical piece. This demographic suggest that children during late 1970s (based on the 1974 song release date) would have grown up actively hearing through various bureau of media specifically, Radio. Another factor is during this era folk/classic rock popularity was at its peak with numerous bands such as the The Rolling Stones, Beatles and The Who.These bands all device characteristic a similar a ge demographic to Harry Chapin which aids the system that the music children grow up with tend to be preferred during their adult years. The content of the lyrics have also been altered to identify with the target audience, many listeners feel an attachment to this song as they can relate to the characters. Harry Chapin has utilized numerous tuneful elements to enhance the storytelling and themes. It is catchy and interesting up to now accompanied simply by an acoustic guitar that follows a buckram beat.The serious music nature of the song is evident through the melodic rhythm and lyrics. This steady lyrical flow leads to a staccato nature which contributes to its overall interest. The dynamics and tone are simple and follow a more somber and steady style, with its softness conveying regret and sadness. In order to appeal to the target audience, Harry Chapin has recognized many important techniques and utilized them The length of Cats in Cradle is based around 320-40 which ten ds to be the distinguish time frame as the whole song can be played on the radio and reach a point where it becomes boring for the listener.The lyrics have been crafted for easy understanding and comprehension therefor allowing for a broader audience to appreciate his music. Likewise, Harry has cleverly chosen simple cpush-down listhing during the moving picture clip that specifically relate to the song message to reinforce the sterile appraisal of a solemn father. There are various symbols and vision in the lyrics. The repetitions of the cats in the cradle indicate the child is at home(a) alone and the silver spoon which is a symbol of wealth the father has to earn.The little boy blue is the child that is sad because his father is away, mend the father is represented by the man on the moon the one far away who is unreachable, idealized by the child who sees the father as his male role model. These lyrical metaphors describe the pairs of opposition the song is lecture ab out. Fortunately, the repetition does not lead to a dull or blowy song as it follows the growth of child creating an interesting story that maintains the economic aid of the viewer. The quick leaps of time from each verse continue to reinforce the idea that little time is spent with the child.This lack of time for the father is show in a number of lines. He learned to walk while I was away and I said not today, Ive got a lot to do Harry Chapin has used classic ways of thinking and playing to enhance the listening experience including the manipulation of the subject matter and musical elements to successfully appeal to a range of audiences. The main success rotter this song is a combination of numerous elements that all lead to successful and unique lyrical piece that is backed by a hearty moral message.

Life of Being an African American Essay

Through let on my life, I progress to had to battle with my own identity, as many good deal do. It is not further a black thing, Im sure. I know population from all different ethnicities, who deal to find themselves, but this has little to do with the personal manner they look on the outside it is the quest to find out who they are on the inside. I found that person when I was xiii years old, but then when I moved to the United States from pelf eight years ago, I underwent another sort of struggle with identity.This measure it was because of the way I looked, and it was less than a personal struggle than it was a fight against unlikeness. I had never really experienced any gradation of racial discrimination in Chicago almost e genuinelyone who lived in our heavens was African American, with a few exceptions. There were a few lily- innocence people, but they apparently were not indicative of the general population in America, as I never received any mistreatment or disc rimination from them, and likewise, I do not believe they suffered any discrimination by my fellow African Americans.Everyone sort of just sum up in and carried on with their daily lives. I am ashamed to admit that this is how I judgement that my life would be in Texas as well. I did expect things to be different. I knew that Dallas were more affluent and I knew that there were buildings as regretful as some of our smaller towns. The buildings in the brochures seemed to reach the twitch. I believed that the sky would be bluer, the air cleaner, and the people would be as friendly as they seemed to be on television and in the brochures.All of these shiny, smiling white faces would greet me with open arms and assist me in any way possible to make my stay wonderful. However, the exact opposite has happened to me. Although I am not the only African American by far to adopt to Dallas, I certainly felt all alone my first half dozen months here. While I did meet other African American s, and they welcomed me, they were all bustling struggling to make a living or to learn the dustup just as much as the next. It seemed even the older African Americans who had lived here for over ten years still never managed to fit in.I have been called nitwitted, ignorant and dumb despite the event that I am more intelligent than many of the people commerce me this. .One of the things that annoys me the most is when I try to talk to someone and they talk tooshie to me with a slang accent. I have had people speak very slowly and with raised volume and exaggerated hand movements when they are seek to talk to me. I guess they hold that deaf and dumb. Stereotypes exist, I meet this, and it really doesnt affect me as much as creation discriminated against does.For example, I can take people assuming that I execute at a chicken place or even communicate what are you. But when I take the time to talk to people and explain and let them into my life a little, I expect a bit mor e than from someone on the street, but I arrogatet often get it. In my small group of friends, which is primarily white people, they dont think Im stupid or ignorant, unlike those strangers I meet on the street, and they dont think Im deaf and dumb they actually think that Im of the most caring person, and allow for do anything for them. accompaniment in America is a dream for many, and while there are so many opportunities here, I have to say that it is a struggle for an African American to fit in. I can only wish that future employers will not discriminate or that the only jobs that I can find will be dishwashing and working for a place that sells chicken. While these jobs are suitable for some, they are not why I came to America. In essence, I am chasing the American dream, and while many Americans have discriminated against me, I can only hope that the dream will not.

Anylasis of three extracts

The terce conjure ups I am comparing are write by three different authors. The startle draw up I am going away to tell you approximately is written by a famous author called Terry Pratchett. The second extract is written by a childrens author Charles Dickens. And finally, the third extract I am going to explain, is written by another well- cognise author, Eoin Colfer. With these three extracts, I am going to inform and describe how the slips and pictures are sticked.In the first extract the characters are well described using galore(postnominal) adjectives. For manikin Mr Horsefry was described as a youngish gentle subroutines gentleman, not plainly running to fat but vaulting, leaping and driving towards obesity. He had acquired at thirty and impressive selection of chins, and now they wobbled with angry pride. I buttocks picture this man with so umpteen chains and not universe able to speak properly. This is a funny comment and makes the endorser requirement t o read on and see what else the reader writes about Mr Horsefry. Terry Pratchett in addition writes that Mr Horsefry is Despite his expression, which was that of a piglet having a beamy idea, and his mode of speech, which faculty put you in mind of a small, breathless, neurotic but laughably expensive dog, Mr Horsefry qualification birth been a kind, generous and pious man.In the same appearance, the man climbing out of your window in a stripy jumper, a mask and a great hurry dexterity merely be lost on the way to a fancy-dress party, and the man in a wig and robes at the focus of the courtroom might only be a transvestite who wondered in out of the rain. When I read this description I was laughing, and I could imagine a man dressed up as a woman who has god knows how umteen chains and seeing him wondering in the rain. resemblingwise listening to him when he speaks, it would be difficult to beneathstand him because his chins would get in the way. This is a real good and unfastened description of Mr Horsefry and enjoyable to read and if more or lessone reads this description they would know what Mr Horsefry looks like and what his personality is like. as well in this extract, it is a shame that Terry Pratchett didnt describe the settings as overmuch as he describes Mr Horsefry.For drill the restate, Ah, this would be . . . what is it now . . . the glass ceiling? said lord Vetinari brightly. No, my lord. That is something else. I believe you may be persuasion about the Agatean Wall. This advert tells me what the ceilings and the walls may look like, but it doesnt tell me what else the place looks like. The writer could gift described what the canary looked like or what time of year it was, for framework was it in the middle of winter, or was it in late summer. and I dont know because this wasnt explained in the extract. However Terry Pratchett could have explained this in the spring of the story or later on in the story, Im not to undisp utable. Describing the setting would make the story a lot better and when the reader reads this extract they would be able to picture what is going on and where the characters are, as that is what accident now, I am confused where the characters are and I am thinking of a completely different place to what the writer is thinking of when he wrote this book.In the second extract Charles Dickens describes the character, The suggestionwrite of Christmas Past as Its hair, which hung about its pet and down its back, was white, and if with age and not yet the face had not a wrinkle in it, and the tenderest bloom was on the skin. The arms were very large and muscular the hands the same, as if it hold were of uncommon strength. Its legs and feet, most alright formed, were, like those upper members, bare. It wore a tunic of the purest white and round its stem was a lustrous belt, the sheen of which was beautiful.It had its dress trimmed with summer flowers. But the strangest thing abou t it was, that from the crown of its head there sprang a bright clear jet of light, by which all this was visible and which was doubtless the power of its using, in its duller moments, a great extinguisher for a cap, which it now held under its arm. This is a brilliant description of the sprit and I can picture what The Ghost of Christmas Past looks like. I know exactly what her hair, skin, feet, legs and what she was wearing.This is also a very clear description as well. It is easy to understand and easy to see what the ghost looks like. In this extract Charles Dickens does not describe the setting as much in detail as he did with the character The Ghost of Christmas Past. For example the cite Not the cerements at his feet, nor the curtains at his back, but those to which his face was addressed. The curtain of his bed drawn aside this quote tells me a little bit about Cosmos room and the curtains.However I find this quote quite confusing as I am not to sure whether or not the c urtains are in Cosmos room and where else are the curtains. in any case I am not sure where he is, is he in his room? Or is he somewhere less? For example, is Cosmo in a huge empty mansion? Or is he in some hall way? Who knows? That is why it is Copernican to tell the reader where the character is otherwise the reader gets lost. The finial extract is written by anther well known author Eoin Colfer. He has developed his characters in his story by using a few adjectives.He describes a character, Cosmo who is a young son aged fourteen years old as Cosmo receives his schooling from precept software, his teeth were whiter that white and his hair was lustrous and flake-free, but his insides felt like they were being scoured with a radioactive wire brush. Eventually Cosmo cognize that the stripage was slowly killing him. It was time to get out. Eoin Colfer didnt use as much adjectives as the other writers did. The description of Cosmo was not that clear, as I didnt know exactly what h e looked like. However the quote aby Cosmo was detect swaddled in an insulated Cheery Pizza envelope on Cosmonaut cumulation in Moscowtown.The state police swabbed him for DNA, search for a match in the Satellite mainframe and came up blank. Nothing unusual about that, orphans work on up every day in the city. So the newly christened Cosmo pitcher was dipped in a vaccine vat and sent on a tube to the Clarissa Frayne Institute or Parentally Challenged Boys Freight. This quote tells me that Cosmo was an orphan and was found on Cosmonaut Hill in Moscowtown. This quote m some(prenominal) not tell me what Cosmo looks like but it does tell me about how he was found.So this is a pretty good description of where he was found. Also in this extract Eoin Colfer has used many descriptive words to develop the setting. For example the quote Satellite City was not part of any welfare state, so the institution had to raise funds any way they could. Clarissa Fraynes speciality was product test ing. Whenever a new modified food or untested pharmaceutical product was being developed, the orphanage volunteered its charges as ginzo pigs. It made perfect financial sense.The orphans got fed and cleaned, and the Frayne Institute got paid for the privilege. This quote tells me about the orphanage and Clarisse Frayne. This quote may not describe the settings as much as the other stories did but it tells me a lot about the orphanage, but at least that is something. So overall I have realised that it is important to describe the character in the stories, otherwise the reader would think of something else that the writer may not be thing of. Also this is the same for the settings. You have to explain but the area is like and where the characters are. This is important as well so that the reader can picture what is going on without getting confused.

Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay

Recently, it was brought to my attention that at that place atomic number 18 c at a timerns ab let out some(a) activities on the interlock that can be considered less than trustworthy. Specifically, the concerns ar regarding meshing traffic called tap pass overs and demeanor descrys. Im putting unneurotic this paper to explain how pick apart sweeps and port scans impact our network traffic. starting line we must bring in what these two things do before we can understand how they are used to impact a network. Ill start with criticize sweeps. A pink sweep is a signal that is sent to a range of instruments on a network to simply see if there is a reply back. This is done via an ICMP Echo request that is sent to distributively utensil.The ICMP Echo request is a signal sent out to an IP address requesting an answer back. More commonly known as a ping. The ping volition wait for a response from any machine that is using the IP address specified in the ping and will let the person sending the ping know if the port the machine is using on the network is open or not.The ping sweep takes the ping to the next level as it will send these pings out to a large range of IP addresses requesting responses back. It lets the person sending the ping sweep know what machines are alive and what machines are off. It is an easy focus for a less than scrupulous person to discover where they might be able to start an onslaught at.But please understand that ping sweeps are not just used by intruders trying to resolve our network or other nefarious actions. Ping sweeps are excessively utilized by our own networking personnel for use in troubleshooting issues on the network. Its is also used in resolving licensing issues as well. So not all ping sweeps are bad for the network.Port scans are a animal that takes ping sweeps to the next level. The goal of a port scan is to actually see a machine on the network by probing for machines. Of course, the machine must be provi de on for the port scan to find it. When it does find a machine that is powered on, the port scan will start getting to work.The port scan will scan for a port on the machine once its find one. It will then determine what services are running on the port that its discovered. This is important to the intruder because it gives them the study they need to take over the machine running on the discovered port. The risk to our network from Ping sweeps port scans is minimal. We have several tools at our disposal that are currently acting to hold back external ping sweeps and port scans from intruding on our network.The biggest protection we currently have in place is our hardware and packet firewalls. They are configured to help block incoming echo requests and protect unauthorized intrusions on our machines. With that being express though, we must always work with the assumption that we are vulnerable to attack. This is because each day somebody somewhere is trying to figure out a w ay to get past the current protection technology that is in place. No network on the planet is completely locked down from intrusion and there is no exception. Education is also the key to staying protected against intrusions. automate updates are in place on all our security software so that we continue to stay up to date with our security patches. act our education of the employees within the company on network security by providing the latest readings on threats or via monthly newsletters will also continue. This, I believe, will provide the heightened awareness desired and protect our information stored or shared on our network.

Factors affecting participation in certain sports Essay

Peer groupYour peers argon the stack you mix with who put up similar interests and backgrounds and be roughly your age. Your peer group has a big influence on the way you behave and the things that you do. This is non always expressed words. If you wear the wrong clothes or do the wrong things you poop truly quickly feel left prohibited. If you peers wonder of an activeness, you will feel encouraged to do it. Sadly, peer-group pressure can alike force mass to give up funs even though they enjoy them.FamilyYour family can have a similar effect on you as your friends can. We pick up umpteen of our habits and values from home. If your family enjoys feature and gives you the opportunities to take time officipate, then it is potential that you will. Most boyish people depend upon p arnts and family for kit and help with make a motion to diverts events. The opposite is again true. If your Family has a negative attitude to physical activity it is likely you will to.Gende rthither is a mis issuingn deliberate held by somewhatwhat people that sportswomans is a mans world. There certainly seem to be few barriers put up to check men from participating in physical activity. Far more men Participate in physical activity than women.RacePeople from minority ethic groups can be discriminated against when it comes to physical activity. Many people have the mistaken belief that they are physiologic totallyy different because they are a different colour, and this means they will be good at some activities and not others. For example some people believe that all grisly people are fast runners and they can not swim rattling well. This belief could be the reason why we see so galore(postnominal) black runners and so very little black swimmers.Socio-EconomicThe activity you participate in may be determined to a large limit by what you can afford. Activities like sailing, golf and riding can be very expensive so many people from lower socio-economic group s are excluded from them. There are also many activities that cost very little. A kick around in the park with a group of friends, for example, and sport at school are mostly let off. Unemployed people are in a difficult situation plenty of time to pack but not a good deal m bingley. To encourage them, sports facilities often charge less(prenominal), oddly at quiet times of the day.AgeYoung people are encouraged to participate at school and have plenty of free time to take up sport. It also depends on the activity. To be a good gymnast you need to be young and flexible. Today, however, with computer technology not all youngsters want to spend their free time playing sports and not all sports are open to very young people. People take to the woods to take part less in physical recreation as they get senior as they often have more responsibilities and less free time to spend on sport. Stereotyping can mean that sometime(a) people are discouraged from being physically active. So me older people stereotype themselves and believe that they are too old to take part in physically activity. However, at that place are many sports that you can enjoy into your old age. all you need is motivation to do it, the practiced facilities and no barriers to prevent you.DisabilityA disability may dispose your activities and other peoples prejudice can be a barrier to your involvement. But alter sport has received a much higher profile since the Paralympics games in Sydney, and the efforts of disabled athletes like Tanni Grey-Thompson have provided disabled people with excellent role models. Many sports have charged their rules to reason the needs of disabled people and have set up train and competitions for them. Facilities must now include ramps and lifts and special changing rooms so that disabled people can have full access.AccessIf in that respect is a sports facility near where you live, and there is a good track system and public transport in place, then gett ing there is made easy. However, many people do not live inside easy reach of sports facilities, and the public transport system is poor, so participation is made more difficult.Popularity, Promotion and Role modelsParticipation in many sports varies. Because of media coverage during Wimbledon fortnight, tennis courts across the estate are heavily apply as seeing role models perform on TV encourages people to play the sport themselves. Not all sports attract media attention, however, and not all media coverage is positive. Some sports have increased in popularity by run national schemes. Basketball, for example, is much more popular since the Basketball Outdoors maiden of the 1990s. Thousands of free facilities began to appear in parks and school playgrounds across the surface area encouraging more people to play.Environment and climateParticipation in some activities also depends upon the environment and climate. It is very hard to become a top skier if you live in a very hot artless and, if you want to practise mountaineering and you live in Holland, you have got to travel. So it is not hard to understand why countries like Switzerland and Canada produce very good skiers. Britain is customs dutyally good at sailing because it is an island and surrounded by water,Tradition and CultureTradition and Culture also affect participation. For examples some cultures disapprove of women taking part in physical recreation in public or in mixed company. This is one reason why many sports centres operate women only sessions. Most sports (like rugby) have had a tradition of being male only. Women have had to work hard to be allowed to participate. instructionYour education has a big effect on your attitude to sport physical recreation. If your school is keen on sport you will be encouraged to participate and if you enjoy it, you are likely to continue afterwards you leave. The opposite is also true, however, for those who dislike PE. It is have that there is a h ook in participation at the age of 16 when youngsters leave school. This is know as the post school gap and is perhaps caused by the go for to leave all school based activities behind you when you leave. Thankfully, many young people then see the benefits of physical activity and return to it later(prenominal) on in life.PoliticsThe extent to which people take part in a physical activity also depends on their politicians. All governments get involved in sport for one reason or another. For example, facilities cost so much to build that the government usually has to compensation at least something towards them. A government may promote sport for all in an attempt to cut the cost of the health value or cut crime. It may promote excellence in sport so as to bring a sense of pride to the country and raise its standing in the outside world.SponsorshipSponsorship also has an effect on participation, as it is this that brings money into sport. Even local level, small businesses often patronise teams and help them financially, allowing people to play. How ever sponsors can decide to pull out of the deal very easily and leaves the team needing to find another one or stop playing.

Paradise Road Notes Essay

Bruce Beresford first gained wide critical success as director of top step upgeman Morant (1980), a landmark charter to a greater extent or less cardinal Australian soldiers wrongfully executed for alleged fight crimes during the Boer struggle. Like Breaker Morant, heaven Road (1997) is based on a true legend. Beresford over again takes up the theme of Australians occasion in war this time during solid ground War II. This call for, however, is not close the exploits of soldiers its ab issue the resilience of women prison houseers of war. Beresford researched the story extensively, studying the diaries of prisoners and Nipponese historical sensible to understand the events from both points of view.On The Movie Show (http//www.sbs.com.au/films/movie/3156/Paradise/Road) in June 1997, Beresford explained that in that respect were numerous prison break films virtually the heroism of men. What he valued to add in Paradise Road was the heroism and resourcefulness o f women, and he wanted similarly to celebrate their ability to create beauty in the awful conditions of the jungle prison pack. After the films release, some(prenominal) Ameri thunder mug critics accused Beresford of organism anti-Japanese and argued that these amours were best forgotten, still Beresford insisted that the story needed to be told. He tried to play d baulk the atrocities and to portray events as he believed they had happened.Encountering Conflict in Paradise RoadParadise Road explores ideas closely date and examines the many commissions in which citizenry materialise affair. For use The historical setting of the film is the global participation of World War II. This affair is a array one, fuelled by semipolitical encounters which, in 1939, in the long run erupted into the crazy conflict of global warf atomic number 18. The geographical setting is the tropical island of Sumatra, where the prisoners be a great deal in conflict with the hostile somatic environment. Compounding the political conflict ar fatheadedly embedded ethnic and racial tensions. As Mrs Tippler points out, the plurality the Japanese nigh dislike atomic number 18 Europeans, prisoners and women.The guards interposition of the women highlights the cultural divide amongst the western sandwich fe virile detonatortives and their Asian male captors. Inner ( individual(prenominal)) conflict is also encountered by the women who be often pushed to pause point by the cruelty of the Japanese soldiers, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as when they be constrained to witness the injustice of university extensions execution in silence. The prisoners sometimes find themselves experiencing interpersonal conflict as the hardships they encounter take shape them edgy and vulnerable. reciprocation questions What are the consequences of conflict for individuals, communities and society as a whole? Can conflict be the catalyst for despotic accessible or individual changes? Does inner conflict lead to external conflict? Will cultural differences evermore result in conflict? why do exertions of cruelty seem to be part of wars that arise from political conflicts?Conflict kitty founder tragic consequences for mine run tidy sumThe women in Paradise Road are quintessentially ordinary bicycle. The partings in the film are based on real people nurses or wives of prominent officials and civilians. These women are caught up in the global conflict of World War II and those who manage to survive are, disdain any positive out pay offs, dreadfully alter by their encounter with conflict. Beresford makes the point that innocent people too often fix caught up in, and suffer from the personal effects of, conflicts that are not of their own qualification. The audience is strongly positioned to identify with the three main characters, Adrienne, Margaret and Susan, as they come to terms with the harsh and often tr agic conditions of their situation. In the films opening movie, we see a glimpse of the sheltered and ordinary lives led by women who were somewhat peripheral to the conflict of war.Now, plunged into a frighteningly hazardous and unfamiliar world, they encounter the tragic consequences of the conflict. On the journey to the plurality, Beresford highlights the ordinary qualities of the women as they struggle to retain their meagre possessions or endeavour to facilitate for each one antithetical endure the long walk. Fearful, hungry and exhausted, the women are herded like cattle. On their arrival in Sumatra they see the severed head of a political prisoner displayed on a pole in the public square. The victim, a local man accused of spying, was also an ordinary person. His wife, Wing, is possibly the films most tragic figure. Having risked her life to procure black-market quinine tablets for Mrs Roberts, Wing is caught. She is set alight and burns to death as the assembled pri soners are forced to watch in horrified silence.The effect on them is profound slide fastener in their previous experience could have prepared them to cope with such utter cruelty. The tragedies that befall the prisoners fashion part of their daily lives, as some succumb to the effects of untreated illness. The scene with the two children making sincere wooden coffins for dead babies clearly highlights the catastrophe of war in the lives of ordinary people, and suggests that no cause could justify the terrible consequences of lashing conflict. Children are a symbol of innocence in the film. The death of the child whom Adrienne tries to protect on the Prince Alfred encapsulates Beresfords key contention that the innocent suffer most in situations of intense conflict.The camp burying ground, with its rows upon rows of white crosses, is shown as the camera pans across the prison compound during a performance of the literal orchestra, revealing the large numbers pool of prisone rs who died during the course of their internment.In deliberately avoiding a heroic narrative about death in battle in defence of king and crudewealth, Beresford asks us to be aware of the shattered lives of ordinary people caught up in violent global conflict. rosemary Leighton-Jones is another(prenominal) of the films tragic figures. Her kindness and beauty evoke the audiences discernment and we see, in capital of Singapore, her love for her husband Dennis, as they discuss their plans for a in store(predicate) together. This sustains Rosemary through her ordeal in the camp and gives her the strength to certify others. When she sees that Dennis has been captured whilst trying to escape from the mens prison camp, and realises that his execution is inevitable, Rosemary loses the will to live. The tragedy of Rosemarys death is rendered all the more(prenominal) bitter as it occurs during the removal of the women prisoners to a more remote camp where she glimpses Dennis under hea vy guard.Ironically, the women are moved because of the advance of the Ameri kindles and the impending chastise of the Japanese in the Pacific. Mrs Roberts and Margaret also die tragically just as their liberation is close. The damaging effects of conflict are also intelligible in other relationships. Rosemarys supportive relationship with the timid Dutch girl, Helen, crosses the cultural boundaries that divide some of the other prisoners, and the friendship strengthens Helen. Her rue at Rosemarys death reinforces Beresfords condemnation of war on the grounds that too many innocent people compose its tragic victims. Adrienne is similarly devastated by the death of her friend and fellow-musician, Margaret. In a relationship that crosses class boundaries, Margaret and Adrienne merge and inspire the other women. In doing do, they involve another of Beresfords central messages that in times of conflict, ordinary people burn down do extraordinary things.This positive outcome, however, does not substantively pass the tragic consequences of war the ultimate deaths of such characters as Margaret and Rosemary are rendered the more poignant for the strength and wisdom they demonstrated in an uttermost(prenominal) situation. The film also shows how extreme conflict situations place ordinary people under unusual pressure, provoking and exasperate conflicts on a personal level, both amid and within individuals. Stressed, sorrowing and deprived, some of the women in Paradise Road find themselves placed in a morally and politically compromised situation when confronted with the choice as to whether to remain at the Japanese officers company, providing sex in return for food and comfort, or to return to the camp.Those who cull to accept the bribe of the officers are not tho prostituting themselves unless are also consorting with the enemy. Similarly, Adrienne is placed in a compromising position when shes asked if the orchestra will perform a Japanese fol k-song for Colonel Hirota. She refuses, risking severe punishment. succession she makes a different choice to that of the women of the officers club, Beresford emphasises that war, and the struggle for survival, places severe and unusual pressure on individuals, which fuck cause them to behave in demeanors they would not unremarkably behave as Sister Wilhelminia wisely acknowledges, it is not fair to descend the actions of others in times of extreme conflict. Similarly, the extreme conditions under which the women must live also results in interpersonal conflict. Mrs Tippler, the outsider, tries to undermine the solidarity of the group through reflection of the orchestra.There is also tension betwixt the Dutch and the English-speaking women, which erupts in an argument over soap. This incident illustrates the corrosive effects of conflict on ordinary people, who backside be not only physically harmed by violent conflict, tho who are also prey to subtler damage. Beresford p ositions us to pick up how we ourselves big businessman respond in circumstances of similar hardship and, mend he celebrates the general resilience and courage of the women, he ultimately condemns the atrociousness and the futility of war. Discussion questions Ordinary people can respond in move ways to conflict situations. What factors do you believe can affect the way we react to conflict? In order to survive conflict, we need a reason to live. Do you agree? Does self-interest determine peoples actions when they encounter conflict? To what extent can we condemn people for making decisions based on their need to survive? Is it ever justifiable to forfeiture your principles in order to survive?Conflict can bring out the best and the worst in peopleThe reactions of the women prisoners to their encounters with conflict are really different. The character of Adrienne Pargiter is the main vehicle for the exploration of ideas about courage and resilience in the face of confli ct. Adrienne emerges as a inbred leader in the prison camp. Her result to conflict is to maintain her dignity and to resist, as off the beaten track(predicate) as possible, the unjust power of the Japanese guards. In forming the plainspoken music orchestra, Adrienne responds to the tragedy of Wings death through her depression in the mend power of music and her desire to draw the women together. They have all been traumatised by Wings execution and the racial and class boundaries which divide them lead to conflict with each other, which must be headstrong if they are to survive. Adrienne is placed to assert something of her own Western cultural heritage at a time when it is under attack. She is also  courageous enough to defend herself from a physical attack by a drunken Japanese soldier, despite the fact that striking him is an offence punishable by death.Conflict brings out the best in Adrienne and, through her courageous challenge to unjust authority, she emerges as a symbol of hope for oppressed and disempowered people everywhere. In the middle of conflict Adrienne forms a close relationship with Margaret Drummond, recognising the humane qualities they share. Margaret draws strength from her ghostlike faith and provides a focal point for the group when they need phantasmal comfort. Her words at Wings funeral help ease the knock down and pain they all feel. Margarets quiet determination is evident when she stands up to The Snake, whose terrifying visit to their quarters to recruit volunteers for the officers club is met with her root and polite question What can we do for you, Sergeant Tomiashi? She also defies the authority of Colonel Hirota when she attempts to take water to Susan.Margarets encounter with conflict strengthens her capacity for Christian charity as she explains to Adrienne, she cant hate the Japanese, only condolence them. Margaret epitomises the comfort and strength drawn by many from religious belief during times of bit ter conflict. Susan Macarthy finds an unexpected inner strength in response to conflict. She stands up to Mrs Tippler, the withering and discordant presence among the prisoners, and angrily accuses Colonel Hirota of human rights violations. She also finds the strength to endure a horrifyingly cruel punishment and unites the other women in their support and admiration of her.These three characters embody the most positive ways of responding to conflict. Sergeant Tomiashi also ultimately discovers inner reserves of benignity as a result of his experience of conflict. Despite his cultural sensibility to despise women, foreigners and prisoners, he is so moved by the music of the vocal orchestra that he humbles himself before Adrienne, singing to her alone in the forest. Tomiashis encounter with conflict, and the opportunity it gives him to observe and understand a group of people he has been conditioned to dislike, changes him for the better, as demonstrated by his respectful remova l of his cap as Margarets funeral procession passes.By counterpoint, a highly contradict response to conflict is exhibited by Mrs Tippler, who becomes even more critical and discouraged as the womens stay in the camp goes on. She grows spiteful and resentful, exacerbating racial tensions with her accusations against the Dutch, and accusing Adrienne of endangering their lives with the vocal orchestra. Mrs Dickson and Mrs Pike initially side with her but eventually see how destructive her attitude is. By the end of the film, her negativeness has completely isolated her. Her eating of potentially toxic snails reveals a selfdestructive impulse, be her refusal to make positive changes in the face of conflict. by means of the unsympathetically constructed character of Mrs Tippler, Beresford shows us that if conflict situations can bring out the best in some individuals, for others the strain induced by high conflict situations can be corrosive, provoking anger and resentment, to the detriment both of the individual and those near them. While Beresford suggests that Mrs Tipplers negative attitude ultimately harms herself more than it does others by his unflinching portrayal of the horrors of the prison camp, he also positions the stunner to understand how extreme situations can provoke extreme reactions in people. Discussion questions Do you agree that peoples response to conflict reveals who they truly are? Is this what the film shows us? Why do some people choose to be outsiders in times of conflict? Why are some people able to make positive changes as a response to encountering conflict, while others are not?Conflict can unite families and communitiesAs a response to conflict, the community of women prisoners is very much coupled by the vocal orchestra (with the notable exception of Mrs Tippler). The orchestra firstly unites Adrienne and Margaret across the divisive boundaries of class, which have previously prevented women from the upper ranks of colon ial society (like Adrienne) from associating with missionaries, like Margaret. Through her encounter with conflict, Adrienne becomes aware and ashamed of her snobbery and apologises to Margaret. Adrienne is distraught when Margaret dies, recognising her as a genuine friend and a woman of strength, courage and integrity.Mrs Roberts is another clubbish woman who expresses concern about the kinds of people she king be fuse with if she joins the orchestra. Her racial prejudice against the Malayan prisoners is condemned by her daughter, Celia, who bluntly informs her of the reasons for Wings black market dealings. Mrs Roberts is mortified and reassesses her values a very full outcome of her encounter with conflict which enables her to develop in positive ways. She joins the orchestra as a sign of her participation in the community of prisoners. The Dutch and the Anglo-Saxon prisoners initially regard each other with suspicion that sometimes erupts into hostility. The conflict over t he soap shows how easily something trivial can ignite a conflict when underlying tensions have not been resolved. It takes the intervention of Sister Wilhelminia (the translator of wisdom and tolerance) to defuse the conflict and restore order.However, it is the participation of Dutch prisoners such as Mrs Cronje in the vocal orchestra that most effectively breaks down racial barriers and diffuses residual tensions. Susans reluctance to join, based on her dislike of unspotted music, is overcome by Adriennes gentle persistence, showing that generational boundaries can be dissolved by music, and also by uniting in a worthwhile common purpose, whatever it might be. The smiling, shining faces of the singers as they perform works by Dvorak and Ravel amidst the squalor of the prison camp show not only how strongly they are united by their participation in the orchestra, but also how the beauty of the music can transcend the appalling conditions of prison life.The music also symbolically unites the support and the dead, as suggested by the camera panning across the graves in the cemetery as the orchestra sings. Even some of the orchestras strongest critics have, by the end, joined and become part of the community. Mrs Dickson, a supporter of the unpleasant Mrs Tippler, admits that joining the orchestra was the best thing shed ever done. As well as establishing strong bonds between the prisoners, the vocal orchestra goes a long way towards making tentative connections between the prisoners and the guards through their shared appreciation of classical music. Sergeant Tomiashis musing expression as he listens to the orchestra, and his angry dismissal of an interruption from another soldier, suggest his feelings of connection with the music, and thus with the women who provide it.Colonel Hirota, too, enjoys the music. Despite the ban on congregating or writing imposed on the prisoners, the vocal orchestra is permitted to sustain practising and performing and the Japanese officers attend as guests. This is an endorsement of the music (and, implicitly, of Western culture). Colonel Hirotas gift to Adrienne is an affirmation of her creative spirit and her courage, both of which have been instrumental in forging bonds in the community of which all the characters are inescapably a part. The one exception to this is Mrs Tippler, who resolutely distances herself from the orchestra and all it represents. She is perhaps the only character who gains nothing positive from her encounter with conflict. Discussion questions are groups able to resolve conflict more effectively than individuals? Does the strength of a group always depend on excluding those with differing values?Violence is neer an effective means of resolving conflictThe Japanese prison guards and officers present the personnel wielded by the knock-down(a) in order to assert their authority. The physical power in the film is very explicit and deliberately shocking, from the violent deaths of innocent children to the savage beatings inflicted on Rosemary and Mrs Dickson. Indeed, the film opens with a scene that quickly becomes violent, with the sound of exploding bombs disturbing the festive atmosphere of give Hotel. The force-out escalates with further explosions as the evacuees hurriedly board ships bound for safety.The response to the craze of the Japanese is retaliatory force out from Britain and America and their allies the women are caught up in this conflict as their ship is attacked and sunk. The suggestion is that responding to violence with more violence only worsens the situation and increases the likelihood that innocent victims will become caught up in the escalating conflict. At the camp, the guards use of violence effectively intimidates the prisoners but it does not resolve conflict indeed, tensions are exacerbated by the brutal retrenchment of basic rights and freedoms. The prisoners respond to their captors brutality with resistance, subv ersiveness or bitter resentment. The vocal orchestra is a symbol of resistance, while the black-market dealings are acts of subversiveness.The deep resentment engendered by gratuitous and brutal violence is not always made explicit in the film, except perhaps by Adrienne, whose colloquy with Margaret implies her aversion. She says, You dont hate them, do you? to which Margaret replies that she pities them. It is perhaps Adriennes hatred of the brutality of her oppressors which drives her to defy them by establishing the orchestra. Her hatred is again suggested in the terminal scene and is directed at the most unsympathetically constructed character in the film, the sadistic Captain Tanaka, who seems to take pleasure in the fact that there is no music from the women at Margarets funeral. Adriennes defiant response conveys her deep dislike of the man and reinforces Beresfords point about the destructive effects of violence.The inability to forgive is testament to the unresolved con flict that results from extreme violence. With his depiction of brutal violence and his unsympathetic portrayal of many of the Japanese soldiers, Beresford encourages the audience to empathise with the bitterness engendered in Adrienne and some of the other women by the violence of their captors. When Adrienne hits the guard who attempts to rape her, it is presented as a justifiable act of self-defence. However, ultimately Beresford suggests that responding to violence with violence can never resolve conflict. While acknowledging the discrimination experienced by the Japanese by the Western world, Beresford implies that the violent response of the Japanese soldiers to the women and children in their care only increases the distance between the two groups.The film shows that genuine connection between people of different races, genders and backgrounds is possible as, for instance, when Sergeant Tomiashi sings for Adrienne in the forest. But violence inhibits the possibility of such c onnections. Instead Beresford invites us to contrast the violence of the guards with the peaceful and positive responses of the women, and to honor the latter. Music, for instance, is shown to have the power to unite disparate groups and individuals, and to (at least temporarily) bring about a truce between enemy factions, in a way that continued violence never could.Likewise, we are encouraged to celebrate the non-violent protest led by Adrienne at Margarets funeral, which is both an expression of defiance against the soldiers and a demonstration of the genuine love and regard for Margaret felt by the women. Such moments affirm the possibility of an effective, nonviolent response to violence. Discussion questions Is violence ever justified as a response to conflict? Is violence used more often by men than women to resolve conflict? Can you think of a conflict which had the potential for violence but which was resolved peacefully? Is it possible to effectively deal with physica l violence without resorting to violence yourself?SAMPLE SCENE ANALYSISThis section shows you how to identify place setting ideas in a key scene from Paradise Road.Raffles Hotel, Singapore scene summaryThe opening scene is set in the proud ballroom of Raffles Hotel, an extravagant monument to British imperialism. The conversation of the guests reveals racial prejudice against the Japanese, who are described as needing thick glasses because they cant see and being unable to fight because they can only make tin toys and cameras. Adrienne Pargiter denounces the racist sentiments as a load of stuff and points out that the Japanese have conquered most of Asia. Key characters are introduced in order to highlight the dramatic effects of their subsequent encounters with conflict. Suddenly a bomb falls nearby and an Australian officer arrives to announce the imminent fall of Singapore. Bombs continue to fall as women and children are hurriedly loaded onto ships. The urgency of this last- minute departure highlights the arrogance of the British, whose notions of their own cultural and military superiority have left them vulnerable to attack.Questions for exploring ideas Is violent conflict the most effective way for the powerless (such as pre-war Japan) to challenge the powerful (such as Britain)? Can a lack of understanding lead to conflict? How significant are divisions of class and social status in causing conflict? Does strong loyalty to one group inevitably lead to conflict with other groups?Focus on school text featuresAs well as drawing on ideas from Paradise Road in your writing about Encountering Conflict, remember that the language and style of your writing may also be inspired by the structure and features of the film. For example, the following aspects of Paradise Road may influence how you respond to ideas in the text. Settings (physical, historical or cultural) can be used to place characters in situations of conflict, such as the prison camp where t he women are in direct conflict with their captors, or a natural landscape which is (at times) a temporary refuge from conflict. Dialogue is instrumental in revealing a characters state of mind and a useful way of showing (rather than telling) the effects of conflict. In the opening scene, Adriennes comment that the stereotyped views of the Japanese are a load of poppycock shows that she is a straight-talking and independent thinker, well-informed on current political events. Her common sense and outspokenness, which set her apart from the other women in her social group, symbolise her attitude throughout the film. Contrasts such as peace and war, and the past and the present, are built into characters and settings. They are an effective way for the creator of a text to sway audience approval or disapproval. The elegant setting of Raffles stands in strong contrast to the bombs falling outside and even stronger contrast to the squalor of the prison camp, suggesting a step-by-step descent into hell for the women. Humour, in times of conflict, can show the resilience of a character or create dramatic irony. For example, Margarets comment about Thomas Beecham being unavailable to conduct the vocal orchestra and Topsys complaint about the forgetful room service in the camp show how effective pique can be in lifting peoples spirits in times of conflict. Recurring motifs work in subtle but powerful ways. Showing something significant through character, theme or music can be an effective vehicle for conveying ideas about resistance, resilience and hope. Significantly, the film opens with beautiful music in the ballroom of Raffles Hotel and its continuation, despite the bomb, makes a clear statement about the capacity of music to transcend the effects of conflict.Points of view on the ContextThese discussion questions and activities are designed to help you reflect on and refer to ideas raised by the Context in your chosen text. For further discussion/writing In times of conflict, ordinary people can do extraordinary things. Conflicts are only resolved through compromise. By dissolving the boundaries which separate and divide people, conflict can be avoided. Conflict is sometimes necessary to bring unresolved tensions to the open so they can be dealt with. Forgiveness is necessary to satisfactorily resolve conflict. Differences between people will always lead to conflict.Activities Write a diary entry for one of the characters who has returned home and is reflecting on the importance of the vocal orchestra in helping her to survive the conflict. Sergeant Tomiashi gives an interview on Australian television ten years after the end of the war. He reflects on what he learned from his encounter with conflict. Write down some questions the interviewer might ask and the answers that Tomiashi might give. Consider the ways in which conflict might provide the opportunity for growth and reflection. Construct a scene for a film script that exte nds the narrative of one or more of the characters to accommodate their return home. Has the encounter with conflict changed them? Can they readjust to a standard lifestyle? What does this suggest  about the lasting effects of conflict on ordinary individuals? In a small group, research and prepare material for a blog or wiki on the reasons for Japans involvement in World War II, focusing on the historical and cultural factors which contributed to the conflict. Explore the main crises and turning points (especially involving relations between Japan and countries such as Russia and the US) to show an awareness of how the conflict developed. In your piece, reflect on what your research suggests about common causes of political conflict and what factors seem to affront it.